20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on English Medieval Literature vs. Renaissance

20 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on English Medieval Literature vs. Renaissance Writing a compare and contrast essay can be a challenge, especially if you decided to delay working on it until the very end. Further complicating things is having to write on a vast subject such as Medieval Literature vs Renaissance Literature as both have a rich history. Luckily for you, you do not have to worry about selecting a topic to tackle for your compare and contrast essay. In addition to our list of 13 facts on medieval English literature vs. Renaissance for a compare and contrast essay, here are 20 topics on medieval English literature vs Renaissance for a compare and contrast essay. Depictions of Romance and Chivalry in Major Literary Works Produced During the English Renaissance and the Medieval Period The Anonymous Author of the Medieval Era - Accuracy and Impersonality in Medieval Writing and Renaissance Works Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Contrasting Concepts of Idea Ownership in Medieval Period and Post-Restoration Era Literary Works The Influence of Religion on Medieval Literature and Renaissance Literature Differences and Similarities in Transmission Mediums The Evolution of the Concept of Courtly Love and its Depictions in Medieval Literature and in Works Produced During the Renaissance Looking at Macrocosm through the Microcosm Lens: Contrasting Depictions of Nature in Medieval Literature and Renaissance Literature Secular Literature in the Medieval Period and Renaissance A Comparative Analysis of Major Literary Devices Used by Medieval Authors and Renaissance Authors The Political Views of Medieval and Renaissance Authors as Reflected in Their Works Female Authors and the Major Themes of Their Works Dissemination of Written Works during the Medieval Era and the Renaissance Chaucers Monk and Shakespeares Macbeth: A Comparative Analysis of Tragedy End of an Eternal Night: Literature as an Agent of Social Change Representations of Justice in Medieval and Renaissance Literature The Evolution of English and English Literature The Printing Press and English Literature Secular Poetry of the Medieval Period vs Renaissance Humanism The Power of Symbolism in Medieval Literature vs Renaissance Literature Major Literary Genres of the Medieval Period and the Renaissance You can use any of these topics as they are or can be inspired by them to come up with your own. If you need a little more guidance, here is a sample essay comparing Medieval heroes with Renaissance heroes to further clarify the topic. Sample Compare and Contrast Essay on Medieval Heroes vs Renaissance Heroes The people and society of Europe during the Medieval Ages and Renaissance held vastly differing culture and worldviews. This was starkly reflected in the literary works produced during those times. Fictional works often revolved around an individual who takes on the central role of the hero. The attitudes of the society are often depicted in the personality and actions of the hero. Moreover, these depictions offer a unique glimpse into the thinking of Medieval and Renaissance authors. Renaissance heroes are notably different from classical tragic heroes. Their most important distinguishing quality is the context of the story.   Classical tragic heroes seem to operate in a different religious context as compared to Renaissance heroes. This results in significant differences in both the characteristics and the actions of the heroes. The readers or the viewers of the plays during the Medieval period held Christian beliefs and their expectations were different as compared to the Renaissance audience. Another difference is that the heroes of Medieval tales belonged to noble families or were descendants of a higher power. This is not the case with the Renaissance hero. Usually, the Renaissance hero was morally superior to the Medieval hero, but socially inferior. The characters and moral standing of the Renaissance hero were more complex as compared to Medieval era heroes. They had shades of gray to their personalities and their demise followed a complicated path. On the other hand, the classical hero had a significant fatal flaw which caused a linear fall from grace. Shakespeare’s Mark Antony and Hamlet stand in sharp contrast to Sir Gawain from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The literature of the Renaissance sheds a lot of the religious overtones seen in Medieval works. The heroes of the Renaissance no longer had to be socially important or supernatural. This shows that the thinking of the society in the Renaissance period had become more liberal. The classical hero possessed a noble stature and high status. He must embody nobility, but has one major flaw. This flaw, coupled with external forces of fate, brings about a tragedy. However, the Renaissance hero is morally complex and has many flaws. He overcomes some of them and often undergoes a metamorphosis during the unfolding of the tale. This hero is more realistic, more human, and more tragic than the Medieval era hero. The authors of such characters understand that people do not have one major flaw. Human beings do not exist in black and white; human tragedy plays out on a gray spectrum. The players take on varying degrees of flaws and qualities. Doctor Faustus, the main character of Christopher Marlowe’s famous play, is not of noble birth. His character shows a touch of the humanist tendencies of the Renaissance period as he is depicted as arrogant, foolish and selfish. On the other hand, he tries to ‘make men to live eternally’. The Medieval heroes were somewhat one-dimensional at least in aspects of morality. The Renaissance hero is seen as a more human depiction. This sample essay is meant to provide you an example of how you can present your argument and essay. Feel free to use it as a template for your own work, but we know you can come up with an even better essay. So, get ready to write your own. If you need help with the technicalities of this academic assignment, check out our guide on how to write a compare and contrast essay on medieval English literature vs. Renaissance. References: Aughterson, K. (1998). The English Renaissance. London: Routledge. Braunmuller, A., Hattaway, M. (1990). The Cambridge companion to English Renaissance drama. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. Fried, J., Lewis, P. The Middle Ages. Jansson, M., Smith, N. (1996). Literature Revolution in England, 1640-1660.Renaissance Quarterly, 49(4), 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862991 Krstovic, J. (2005). Classical and medieval literature criticism. Detroit, Mich.: Gale. Lambdin, R., Lambdin, L. (2000). Encyclopedia of medieval literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Lewis, C., Hooper, W. (1966). Studies in medieval and Renaissance literature. Cambridge [England]: University Press. Maddern, C. (2010). Medieval literature. Harlow, England: Longman/Pearson. McAlindon, T. (1986). English renaissance tragedy. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Muscatine, C. (1999). Medieval literature, style, and culture. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.

The Benefits of Art Education on Children essays

The Benefits of Art Education on Children essays Over the past decade, the dramatic growth in promoting early childhood education and the encouragement of the four stages of child development (which are, cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development) has become a widespread trend across America. Promoting these stages are essential for the growth and development of tomorrows leaders. The two most important stages of child development, that often times go unnoticed, but is very essential for positive growth is social and emotional. Having art in early programs is one of the most important ways to encourage social and emotional behavior. Research (Bovey, Strain, 2003) indicates that having activities such as art lessons can support social and peer interaction. One of the roles as teachers and parents are to help young children identify and communicate their feelings, become attuned to and accepting of the ways young children approach and deal with emotional issues, and provide environments that enable young children to express their feelings (Dettore, 2002). Many children stresses that come to children and their families may include illness, job loss, economic crisis or poverty, relocation, birth, death, and trauma (Hatfield, 2003, p. 471). Socially and emotionally, young children of working parents, victims of abuse, or sufferers of constantly moving families may not develop completely as a child that may not have any of these issues. Young children are capable of deep feelings of lasting sadness and grief in response to trauma, loss, and early personal rejection. They can be seriously moved negatively by these emotions. A childs earliest human relationships affect later childhood relationships and provide the building blocks to future development (Hawley, 1998). The growth of self-regulation is the cornerstone of early childhood development (Raven, 2003). The way that family reacts to the stress affects the...

Field Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Field Project - Essay Example During the interview, he cites practices that differentiate Judaism from other religions as described by Jewish ideologies. After presenting the differences, he dwelled on the history of Jews as a community. There are few similarities between Jewish practices with Christianity from the explanations. The argument here is that beliefs of the Jews are slightly different because they emanate from the teachings of the Torah (Old Testament) and not the New Testament as the case with Christianity (Grabbe 2008). Additionally, the interviewee’s revelations highlighted the significance of religious practices amidst the Jews. I chose to interview the old man because I believed he had practiced Judaism for years. This is a clear indication that he was a committed Jew. Prior to the interview, he stated that he had been practicing the religious principles since he was a teenager. The expression on his face suggested that he was passionate about spreading the gospel of Judaism even to Non-Je ws. Furthermore, he exuded confidence in his beliefs making it difficult to convince him to embrace an alternative religion. During the interview, the old man narrated with vigor the history of the Jewish nation, though it was difficult to separate the facts and concerns presented. The argument here is that interviewee highlighted that modernity has influenced the traditions of Jews significantly because it was difficult for the present day Jews to uphold the principles with ease (Deutsch and Avi, 2011). The interviewee was excited that authorities in non-Jewish states were planning to enact laws to recognize the rights of Jews to practice their religion without interference from the state. During the interview, the old man gave me a book containing information on the practices of the Jews. The important idea is that the book outlined the beliefs that were fundamental in the course of strengthening the relationship of believers with God (Sand, 2010). There are no specific requiremen ts that one had to meet in order to join Jewish faith. However, just like any other religion of the world, Jews ought to uphold the doctrines of Judaism with dignity. Furthermore, Jews should stick to Judaism with the intention of receiving insights from God. As portrayed in Christianity, Judaism is equally monotheistic. The Jews believe God is mysterious. According to the old man, Israel is the first nation that God created, meaning that the land where Israelites reside is holy because God gave it to them. Jews should offer their sacrifices from the land. Consequently, Moses made an agreement with God when stepping on the land. According to Jews, God is omnipresent, and his presence is not only limited to the perception of believers. Consequently, Jews respect and obey authority as a sign of adhering to the principles of Jewish practices. The argument here is that, Jews have a different understanding of the manifestation of God in the lives of human beings (Grabbe, 2008). Sections of Jews believe that God blesses and punishes depending on the behavior of individuals. The rest believes in the autonomy of man to have control over the universe and his judgments. Prayer is integral in seeking connection with the almighty God. The interviewee indicated that Jews are obligated to pray as a way of maintaining connections with the creator. Prayer is not limited to the expression of personal needs, but it is a commitment that allows one to keep in- touch with God. Jews also believe

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE REPORT - Essay Example Therefore, it is clear that incidence is totally different from the rate of prevalence in the sense that the incidence rate aims to measure the possibility of developing new cases of disease within a given period of time whereas the prevalence rate aims to measure the percentage of population that has already been diagnosed with a specific disease (McGrath et al., 2008). As a type of chronic brain disease, there is no cure for schizophrenia but is highly treatable (Kahn & Fawcett, 2008, p. 383). Schizophrenia is often characterized by having a distorted speech, perception, and thoughts. For this reason, it is difficult to handle cases of schizophrenia not only on the part of the patients but also amongst their family members and caregivers. To give the readers a better idea with regards to schizophrenia, the first part of this report will purposely discuss basic information about schizophrenia including its signs and symptoms, common age affected by schizophrenia, and current treatments. The main purpose of this report is to gather, compare and contrast the incidence and prevalence rate of schizophrenia in Calgary (local city), Alberta (provincial), Canada (national), and the world (global). To gather up-dated information about the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia in these four (4) levels, a wide-range of online resources will be utilized in this report. Schizophrenia is a type of mental health problem that can equally affect both men and women (McGrath et al., 2004; Aleman, Kahn, & Selten, 2003). Even though Jablensky (2003, p. 212) strongly suggests that the incidence and prevalence rate of schizophrenia are comparable across populations, the research study of Goldner et al. (2002) proves otherwise. After conducting a systematic review of literature (between the 1st of January 1980 and the 31st of December 2000) with regards to the incidence and prevalence rate of schizophrenia, Goldner et al. (2002) found out that with a variation rates between

Human Resources Management. Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resources Management. Diversity - Essay Example Diversity is not only in terms of caste, religion but also in other demographic factors such as age, education, gender etc. Here our focus and main concern is age and gender diversity and we strive to find out to what extent are they beneficial or a source of conflict among the organizations. Previously women were not a major part of the workforce, but now the trends have been changing, more and more women are entering the workforce. Acceptance of women is becoming the norm and myths such as women value family more than careers is also fast eroding. Similarly, young graduates are also entering the workforce thus sometimes replacing and at others working under the more experienced person, a myth about these younger people is that they lack commitment. In Australia the facts suggest the same; the population trends are changing and studies also show that the population is ageing and it is predicted that by 2051 around 25% of Australia's population will be aged 65 year or older; and also the number of women in the workforce has increased from 40% in 1979 to 53% in 2004.1 For companies to prosper and create a positive cultural climate they need to strike a balance between young and mature and also the male and female counterparts in the organization. To manage gender differences firstly, the acceptability levels of the women in workforce should be enhanced, besides policies in the organizations should be supportive of women and in their favor; some steps that are taken and should be taken by the companies is that women should be provided equal opportunity as men, there should be laws against bullying, unlawful harassment, career leave and parental leaves for women in times of dire need. Career development programs like men should also include women to develop and focus themselves on the path to progression and move up the organizational ladder. When managing the age diversity i.e. attaining a balance between younger and mature employees, one major factor is giving and taking respect. It should be realized that younger generation takes the organization forward, by providing new and latest views of changing trends and brings young ideas that are more creative; but on the other hand older employees also have their experiences that are far more important in running the organization and is important in keeping the strong cultural bond developed over the years in the organization intact. Older employees should not be replaced by younger employees but should be provided with opportunity in terms of flexibility to serve the organization as it fits with their changing lifestyle which is a requirement for their old age. Besides, they should also always be available to mentor and share their experiences with their juniors. Some Australian companies were observed to be working on areas such as embedding diversity into key employment policies and programs to advance equitable outcomes for women. They are striving to achieve a 95% agreement rate from their female survey respondents that their immediate supervisor genuinely supports equal opportunity by random sampling. The companies have already. Achieving similar rates of promotion for men and women at all levels. And

Unequal distribution of resources in society

Unequal distribution of resources in society The following discussion will concentrate on social inequalities in health which have lead to the unequal distribution of resources in the society. Health inequalities refers to the differences in the prevalence of incidence of health outcomes between population groups and range by socio-economic groups and geographical area (Graham 2000). Gender which has socially constructed roles of female and male identity, can therefore compound health inequalities which generate the underlying socio-economic inequalities thereby affecting some social groups badly. Research on gender inequalities have developed but the rapid social change in the lives of men and women and an increased questioning of an oversimplified established wisdom about gender and health makes a critical retrospective timely development in social theory which raise new questions about gender inequalities (Fried, 2007). Gender inequalities in society lead to inequalities in health. Most societies give greater status and power to men and this has adverse impact on the health of women. Domestic abuse occurs mostly against women. Thus, womens health is profoundly affected by the ways they are treated and the status they are given in society (NHS Lothian, 2004). Distinct roles and behaviours of men and women in a given culture are dictated by their culture, gender, norms and values which gives rise to gender differences. Gender differences and gender inequalities can therefore give rise to inequalities between men and women in health status and the access to health care (World Health Organization, 2009). Apart from the internalized ideologies of gender that are acquired, all societies are structured around hierarchical systems whereby sex together with age form the vital organizing features. Gender differences in access to and control over key material and social resources result not only in inequalities of health and wellbeing, but also inequalities in power, knowledge, making independent decisions relating to sexual and reproductive decisions and to act on them in health seeking behaviour (Oakley, 1998). So, if biological predispositions form one basis for inequalities in reproductive health and cultural difference (Graham, 2000), then the distribution of resources within the household, family and community forms an additional layer of differences reflecting inequalities of gender. According to Walby (1997), gender norms and values and the resulting behaviours are affecting health in a negative way. Gender can be one of the major obstacles standing between men and women and the achievement of well-being. Women have lower incomes and make seventy-five percent of single pensioner households and are likely to bear inequality in health related to poverty (Scottish Executive, 2003).Walby (2000) writes that the actions of the European Union are limited by its primary concern with standard employment whereas women are often employed in non-standard forms such as part-time and temporary employment and thus many women do not benefit from its regulations. She went on to explain the extent to which the family form involves women as housewives or workers. This is therefore more complex than the use of gender norms because the different types not only by different types of values but also by the form of the welfare state. Gender as well as socio-economic position mediates exposure to material, psychosocial and behavioral risks (Annandale and Hunt 2000: 1996) Men have traditionally been exposed to the industrial injuries associated with skilled manual work yet women experience the disadvantages of contributing to affective disorder, poor home environment with heavy childcare responsibilities as well as low levels of social support since most women if they are employed, they are on low pay. Women bear extensive caring and nurturing responsibilities and a higher prevalence of poverty. According to Wobbe (2003) stress of making ends meet impacts the health of women leading to mental health illnesses. He explains that enforced childbearing, overwork and poorer access to food compared to men meant that womens life expectance in society was affected more than mens. According to Graham (2000) ,only females are exposed to problems relating to menstruation, pregnancy, abortion, miscarriage, childbirth and lactation. It is only women who experience breast or cervical cancer or pelvic inflammatory disease. (Lorber ,2000) says only men are at risk of prostate cancer, impotence or problems related to vacectomies. But, both sexes can experience infertility. Girls and women are at risk of more varied and serious sexual reproductive health problems than boys and men (Connell 2002). Gender based inequalities in health cut across and interact with class inequalities (Scott 1988)Thus, health problems such as iron deficiency, anaemia which is common among women, among the poor and in rural areas can result in highly class-specific patterns of reproductive morbidity and mortality among women. However males do have an excess mortality persisting through to later life. They are at risk of dying in childhood and adulthood from diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Townsend and Davidson (1982:48) writes: The gap in life expectancy between men and women is the most distinctive feature of human health in the advanced society. The death of men in different social classes is in most cases double that of women leading to the cumulative health inequalities between the sexes. Gender and class therefore exert highly significant but different influences on the quality and duration of life in modern society. Connell (1987, 1995, 2002) analyses gender and health and writes t hat men was often reactive to feminism. Men was socialized into the sex-role system in ways which even though they were oppressive to women, they developed men in distorted ways as emotionally repressed and power oriented thus put men at greater risk of early death through suicide and heart disease. Feminist ideologies expressed through by rights and health oriented womens organizations aim at promoting the sexual and reproductive health services and restrictions on contraception methods that are thought to violate religious norms. Inequalities in access result from the denial of family planning services to the unmarried especially in the African culture and from requirements that married women must obtain their husbands consent among other restrictions. Annandale and Hunt (2000) say It is hard to argue that male-female mortality difference are statistical artifact. They suggest that female excess morbidity is socially constructed. Intense social pressure to conform to accepted ideals of masculinity therefore leads men to deny illness out of fear that it displays weakness and are less prepared to report symptoms or use health services compared to women. Health care professionals are faced with challenging social attitude to prevent and manage risk factors to ensure they do not lead to chronic health problems later in life. So professionals have a role in the prevention of abuse by taking challenging actions and condone violence and abusive behaviour that reinforce the gender stereotypes and underpin domestic abuse in women. Women need to be provided with appropriate response which is part of the high quality care that should be delivered. Professionals should feel confident, have access to training, support and adequate information to enable them to support women experiencing domestic abuse. (NHS Lothian, 2000) Professionals should be aware and able to recognize signs of potential abuse in women. They should respond to women in a supportive way and listen to them. The World Health Organisation (2000) say the goals of Gender and Womens Health Department are to increase health professionals awareness of the role of gender and inequali ty in perpetuating abuse, disease and death with the view to eliminate gender as a barrier to good health. The Department of Health (2000) aims to develop an approach to take into account performance management between health authorities about key health issues so as to make targets based on gender specific principles. Females and males think and act differently as a consequences of their socialization and of the gendered society (Walby 2004). The challenge still stands that healthy communities which recognize inequalities should be built and achieved by understanding social issues, changing they way things are done and accepting that the needs of people must be at the heart of everything a professional does. Working with individuals is vital on the part of health professionals and it is their duty to make service users welcome and comfortable especially the one-to-one support which should be client centred. Since women experience child birth, it is the health professionals duty to held the pregnant woman focusing on her individual needs and interest making her understand more about her health care and be able to make decisions about childbirth and caring for her baby. Women often approach health care professionals for help because they need up-to date advice on breastfeeding, solid foods, because the decisions made at the start of a babys life require sensitivity and understanding, thus mothers need reassurance and hence the need for health professionals to work with individuals. Even those women who might have suffered domestic abuse, it is essential to work closely with them individually reflecting on what happened and how best they can be assisted. When working with men as individuals , it should not only allow themselves to talk more openly about their problems, but helps the health professional to find out more about mens psychological ill health. Since most of them will be clinically depressed and the sense of isolation will be profound as they will not be talking to anyone about their concerns or feelings. Thus, health care should be accessible, approachable and achievable for everyone (Department of Health 2000). Working with group as stated by Drummomd (2000), it is essential to work with and understand the views of men and women of the local community for health promotions. The professionals should think laterally and work in small companies where men are under pressure. Services according to Drummond should be in youth centres, unemployment centres and many small groups in the community. The development of local strategic partnership offers opportunities or health authorities and local authority to discuss health issues. To build healthy communities, professionals need to work with local men and women by bringing them into partnership within the locality in which services are placed, working within a context of dialogue that leads to action. Young men are an especially different group to reach because they are not interested in the long-term results of an unhealthy lifestyle but can be persuaded to consider the immediate impact of current ill-health hence the need to change the way health is marketed. (Deville-Almond 2008) it is vital to work with peer support groups such as the prostate cancer a charity which offers men the opportunity to talk to other men to reduce embarrassment when discussing symptom thereby promoting autonomy. Townsend and Davidson(1988) states Inequalities exist also in the utilization of health services, particularly and most worryingly of the preventive services. According to the Health Promotion, women access health services more regularly and it is much easier for health professionals to consult women. Robinson, a community learning consultant explains that if health professionals are to work with men, they must go where they are thereby being flexible I delivering services. She further says that if one is a female professional she should not hesitate to go and work in a working mens club and talk about health issues as this would improve the younger mens health. The Department of Health (2000) argues that services should be sensitive to mens concerns and attitudes. The Health Department Agency (2001) says there should be more mens health clinics, telephone and online services should be developed since most men prefer the anonymity of such services. Opening hours should take into acco unt the commitment of people who work full-time. The role of occupational health services should be strengthened. Mens health needs should be taken into account by the local authority community thus providing the opportunity to take an over acting view of inequalities of all kinds. This essay has shown that women and men share many similar health challenges and the differences are such that the health women deserve particular attention. Even though women live longer men because of biological and behavioural advantages, their longer lives might not be healthy lives because of the biological and social processes they go through which carry health crisis and therefore require health care. Gender inequalities in health are therefore socially governed and thus actionable. Even in health, biology is not destiny, Sex and society, nature and nurture, chromosomes and environments interact to determine who is well or ill, who is treated or not, who is exposed or vulnerable to ill-health and whose health needs are acknowledged or dismissed (Equal Opportunities Commission 2002).

Booker T. Washington :: essays research papers

I’m Booker T Washington In 1881, I founded and became principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. I started this school in an old abandoned church and a shanty. The school's name was later changed to Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University). The school taught specific trades, such as carpentry, farming, and mechanics, and trained teachers. As it expanded, I spent much of his time raising funds. Under Washington's leadership, the institute became famous as a model of industrial education. The Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, established in 1974, includes Washington's home, student-made college buildings, and the George Washington Carver Museum. I believe that blacks could benefit more from a practical, vocational education rather than a college education. Most blacks lived in poverty in the rural South, and I felt they should learn skills, work hard, and acquire property. I believed that the development of work skills would lead to economic prosperity. I predicted that blacks would be granted civil and political rights after gaining a strong economic foundation. I explained his theories in Up from Slavery and in other publications. In the late 1800's, more and more blacks became victims of lynchings and Jim Crow laws that segregated blacks. To reduce racial conflicts, I advised blacks to stop demanding equal rights and to simply get along with whites. I urged whites to give black better jobs. In a speech given in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1895, I declared: "In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." This speech was often called the Atlanta Compromise because I accepted inequality and segregation for blacks in exchange for economic advancement. The speech was widely quoted in newspapers and helped make me a prominent national figure and black spokesman. I became a shrewd political leader and advised not only Presidents, but also members of Congress and governors, on political appointments for blacks and sympathetic whites. I urged wealthy people to contribute to various black organizations. I also owned or financially supported many black newspapers. In 1900, I had founded the National Negro Business League to help black business firms. Throughout my life, I tried to please whites in both the North and the South through his public actions and his speeches. I never publicly supported black political causes that were unpopular with Southern whites.

Definition of motivation in work Essay

Introduction At any enterprise the main resource is human. Orientation to the highly skilled and initiative labor integrated into system of production, a continuity of process of enrichment of knowledge and professional development, flexibility of the organization of work, delegation of responsibility from top to down, partnership between participants of production – all this conducts to creation of new model of development and use of human resources. The motivation is an actual element of this process which provides reciprocity of interests of the employer and personnel and guarantees efficiency of activity of the organization. The motivation is a complex of the motives which are inducing or not inducing to certain acts, this creation of system of the incentives necessary for achievement of the purpose of the organization. Satisfaction of the employee of the enterprise with conditions and compensation, relations with colleagues and heads, management policy for the personnel, in many respects defines interest and the employee’s motivation on effective and productive work. The periodic assessment of satisfaction with work of firm personnel helps to reveal â€Å"weak links† in structure of human resource management, to develop system of the additional incentives allowing to eliminate or compensate the work factors which are least satisfying the personnel. Relevance of the chosen subject is explained by it. Motivated employees are one of the key factors that provide competitive advantage for businesses. By determining the best way to encourage and boost  employee’s performance in organizations the management ensures success of their company, on the market field. Customized employee motivation i.e. best incentive for each employee individually, is what gets the organization closer to reaching its goals and objectives. More specifically, it deals with demographically determined (age and gender) differences in the motivational profiles of the workers. The employees from both genders and all age subgroups are mostly motivated by challenging job positions, advancement opportunities, good compensation packages i.e. money and well managed/good work environment. At the same time, benefits, job security and location of the work place are less of a motivator for all demographic subgroups. Still, this research study suggests that some statistically significant differences do exist. The two genders give significantly different importance to benefits as a motivator, while, the age subgroups give significantly different importance to security, work environment and challenge. A milestone in organization’s success is to develop strong relationship with the employees, to fulfill workers’ expectations (good working conditions, fair pay, fair treatment, secure career, power and involvement in decisions) and in return, to have them follow the rules and regulations, work according the standards and achieve goals, (Khan, et al., 2010). In order to address these expectations it is required for the management to have understanding of employees’ motivation. The HRM professionals are the ones to have significant role in fulfilling this ai m and hence, to assist the company’s management in building relationship with their employees. The challenge for organizations and their policies is to bring the best applicants successfully through the recruitment and hiring process, but also to retain them and to provide them with the environment and structures in order to motivate them to give their best (Hussai, 2007). Moreover, motivation plays important role, since dissatisfaction leads to high employee turnover particularly in less developed or developing countries where little employment opportunities are available to people (Khan, et al., 2010). Motivation is a tool managers can use in organizations and if they know what drives the people working for them, they can tailor job assignments and rewards to what makes these people ―tickâ€â€" (Tella, et al., 2007). Motivation can also be considered as whatever it takes to encourage workers to perform by fulfilling or appealing to their needs. According to Gibbons (1999) and Tella, et al. (2007) high performance motivated workforce is very important element for successful businesses, and this study is inspired by the power that the motivation has within the organizations in increasing their performance. No matter how automated an organization may be, high productivity depends on the level of motivation and the effectiveness of the workforce (Tella, et al., 2007). Hence, managers who use the most effective motivation tools and techniques will provide competitive advantage and profits to their companies. â€Å"Managers must be ready and willing to customize the best deals in town in order to recruit, retain, and motivate the best people†, argued Gilbert (2003, p.1), referring to the importance of customized incentives provided to different generations. In this regard, the aim of this research is to examine the issue of customized motivation management, or more specifically, the issue of applying different motivation tool to different types of employees, depending on their priorities and preferences. In particular, the research will analyze some of the motivating factors and how different their importance is for workers of different age and gender. By determining what the employee’s priority is – high compensation, good work environment or maybe the location of the workplace, this research will determine what would be the best incentive the company should apply. Importance of Motivation of Employees within Organizations One of the main responsibilities of the Human Resources and other management professionals in a company is to achieve competitive success and advantage through the employees they have hired. ―The managers who can create high levels of motivation can get more work from five employees than their less inspiring counterparts can get out of ten, and this is a form of competitive advantage that is hard to denyâ€â€" (Wagner and Hollenbeck, 2010, p.81). Successful recruitment process and successful placement of an employee on the demanding position leads to a new challenging situation where both sides, employee and employer, must take and give the best of the position that was filled. Otherwise, both sides are losing money and time and are becoming dissatisfied. The motivation as career growth and business development factor is very important at this post recruitment stage and is one of the factors that catalyze the process of giving the bestâ€â€" by the  worker and ―taking the maximumâ€â€" by the employer. To summarize, the importance of motivation is high, as is the role it plays, when it comes to employee retention and performance improvement within organizations. Moreover, it can lead to: business development, increasing profits and building competitive advantage. It deserves time and effort to be evaluated and further on, to be applied as efficient managerial tool. Herzberg’s two-factor theory Herzberg’s two-factor theory argues that his hygiene factors such as salary, benefits, working conditions or job security, are also considered to be extrinsic in nature, while motivational factors, such as, the job itself (challenging or not), growth and advancement, achievement (James, 2008); or job autonomy, job complexity and innovativeness (Vaananen, et al., 2005), are considered to be intrinsic in nature. The factors that will be analyzed in this research are determined based on the Frederick Herzberg’s research (Herzberg, 2003), in which he evaluated the following ten extrinsic/hygiene motivators: security, status, relationship with subordinates, relationship with peers, salary, work condition, relationship with supervisor, supervision, company policy and administration, and personal life. At the same time, the following six intrinsic motivators were evaluated: achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth. This research will examine the importance of the following seven motivational factor: money, benefits, location, job security, work environment (as extrinsic), then challenge and advancement opportunities (as intrinsic factors). The motivator money refers to Herzberg’s salary factor; the motivator benefits relates to his company policy and administration; location refers to personal life, since it directly influences the work-life balance and the time employees spend on their personal needs. The motivator work environment includes Herzberg’s relationship with subordinates, relationship with peers, relationship with supervisor, supervision and work condition. Security was evaluated as it is by Herzberg, as well. As for the extrinsic factors, advancement was also evaluated as it is by Herzberg, while challenge that will be used in this research mostly relates to work itself (as per Herzberg) since it refers to specific characteristics of the job itself and how interesting and challenging they are to the employee. In  conclusion, based on the importance these seven factors have for an employee when choosing a new job and leaving the current one, or while still performing on the current position, we determine/define the term motivational profile for the research purposes of this thesis. Definition of target group of the interrogated For the analysis of this poll I chose young people aged from 22-25 years which just graduated from the university and got a job. As well as any person, these workers too have certain motivational force. So, 12 workers, from them 7 guys and 5 girls took part in my poll. Distribution by Education Distribution by Department Distribution by Industry Determining the type, strength and direction of employee motivation units Using the questions given questionnaires to determine the type, strength and direction of the motivation of employees selected structural unit. To do this, this form must be filled by a worker units (not less than 10 people). Next, i need to calculate the score for each respondent’s answer. Compare the answers of all respondents. About the study of labor motivation of employees Results of motivational dough On the basis of the carried-out analysis I can draw a conclusion that most of young people choose financial motives, and it means what exactly the salary plays an important role at a work place choice. Conclusion Theories of motivation is the Herzberg Two Factor Theory. His theory also relies on the needs and their satisfaction concept, but according to this theory, the needs are grouped in two levels/groups: 1) hygiene or dissatisfaction avoidance factors (imperative to be satisfied) and 2) motivating or growth factors (additional motivating force after the basic needs are satisfied). He suggests that ―the factors involved in producing job satisfaction (and motivation) are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfactionâ€â€" (Herzberg, 2003, p.6). Herzberg also characterized the two groups of motivating factors according their origin. The dissatisfaction avoidance or hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job, and come from outside the person, and those are: company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, security etc. Growth or motivating factors are intrinsic to the job, that come from within the person and those are:  achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and growth or advancement. At workplace, the employees must be provided with good extrinsic factors (good pay, good environment, safety etc) in order not to be unhappy. Further on, if the employers need them motivated to perform even better, they need to provide the additional intrinsic factors. Proceeding from results of motivational dough I came to a conclusion that according to the Herzberg’s two-factor theory the greatest importance for young employees is played by hygienic factors, to be exact economic factors, such as: a salary and awards, social advantages, pension privileges, holiday and training which is paid by the employer. Factors, the second for value, proceeding from results of this dough it: achievement and cooperation. And it means, what not all young workers choose hygienic factors. There are workers for whom motivators, such as are important: a freedom of action through achievements and cooperation with other workers. To conclude, many studies show that the age has an important effect on motivation. Still, in some research studies, the authors suggest that there are some motivating factors that do not have significantly different importance for employees at different age (Ross, 2005; Stead, 2009). The list of the used literature: 1. Khan, K.U., Farooq, S.U. and Ullah, M.I. (2010), The Relationship between Rewards and Employee Motivation in Commercial Banks of Pakistan, Research Journal of International Studies (14), p.37-54, [On Line], Available From: http://www.eurojournals.com/rjis_14_06.pdf, Accessed: 01.04.2011 2. Tella, A., Ayeni, C.O. and Popoola, S.O. (2007), Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Library Personnel in Academic and Research Libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria, Library Philosophy and Practice, April 2007, [On Line], Available From: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/tella2.pdf , Accessed: 01.01.2010 3. Wagner, J. and Hollenbeck, J. (2009), Organizational Behavior: Securing Competitive Advantage, 1st edition, New York, Routledge 4. Vaananen, A., Pahkin, K., Huuhtanen, P., Kivimaki, M. Vahtera, J., Theorell, T. and Kalimo, R. (2005), Are intrinsic motivational factors of work associated with functional incapacity similarly regardless of the country?, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005(59), p.858-863, [On Line], Available From: http://jech.bmj.com/content/59/10/858.full , Accessed: 10.02.2010 5. Vaskova, R. (2006), Gender Differences in Performance Motivation, [On Line], Available From: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2006/01/CZ0601NU04.htm, Accessed: 03.02.2010 6. Herzberg, F. (2003), One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?, Harvard Business Review, Jan 2003, p.86-96, [On Line], Available From: http://hbr.org/2003/01/one-more-time/ar/1, Accessed: 21.04.2010 7. Ross, W. (2005), The Relationship Between Employee Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Corporate Culture, [On Line], Available From: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2584/thesis_roos_w.pdf?sequence=36, Accessed: 31.07.2011

waren g harding essays

waren g harding essays Warren Gamaliel Harding was an affluent speaker, he gave the business a free hand, and his return to normalcy led to a fairly decent presidency, plagued with a only few political scandals. He was born in the town of Corsica, Ohio in on November 2, 1865. His first real 30b was an editor of the local newspaper, and that is what got him interested in public affairs. He was married to Florence Kling DeWolfe, against her father's wishes who was a prestigious banker of Marion. She became a major influence in his life, and as his fortune improved under her watchful eye he became more of a prominent figure in the local community then finally attracting the attention of political authorities. He won the seat on the Ohio Senate, then served on William H. Taft's committee at the Republican national convention. He ran for lieutenant governor and was shot down, then was defeated for governor; he then ran for the senatorial nomination and finally won. He liked serving in Senate and really made no important speeches or introduced any important legislation. Having respectable qualities as a senator he was nominated to run for the presidential office by the Republicans. His campaign promises is one of the better known ones, he promised to return the country to normalcy a word he used to describe the good old days. He never really challenged the any major topics in his campaign promises mainly sticking to old Republican virtues so as not to cause any conflict. He also was on the fence for other legislation at the time such as the league issues. He mainly was a indifferent machine mouthing what the party told him to and not be creative or real with his own ideas. One main reason I believe this is because he did not really want the office, but felt more at home at the Senate but could not give up the opportunity. Some topics he used in his administration were as follows. He passed ship subsidies, a high tariff, immigration re ...

December 7,1941 essays

December 7,1941 essays On December 7,1941 the U.S. troops stationed on the Island of Pearl Harbor were woken up by the sound of gunfire and explosions. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is one of the worst surprise attacks in American history. For every Japanese soldier killed almost thirty-eight Americans were killed. Japan was at war with China. The American government tried many times with Japans leaders to withdraw troops from china and put an end to the war. After World War II started Japan grew angry with the United States of America because they were helping China by sending them war supplies. Japan didnt like this because China was the main target of Japanese attacks. Japan decided to take a peace trip to the United States of America. This trip took place in November of 1941. During this peace trip Japan made three proposals to the government. These proposals were, to stop helping china, to stay out of Asian affairs, and to begin shipping oil to Japan right away or Japan would attack the United States of America. The president Franklin D. Roosevelt and the government didnt do what the Japanese asked. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because the United States ignored their requests. The attack began at 7:55 A.M. Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo led the Japanese forces. The rea son they attacked so early was because admiral Nagumo knew most of the troops would be sleeping. The chief targets were 8 battleships among the 180 American vessels anchored in the harbor. The attacked killed 2,388 people at Pearl Harbor and wounded about 2,000. It destroyed or damaged 21 American ships and more than 300 planes. The Japanese lost 29 aircraft. Some of the ships attacked were the U.S.S. Arizona, The Pennsylvania, The Maryland, and The West Virginia. The wreckage of The Arizona still holds the remains of all the soldiers who died in the explosion.The Japanese lost twenty-nine airplanes in the attack-nine fighters, fiftee...

Most authors tell us that the family changes in industrial societies Essay

Most authors tell us that the family changes in industrial societies and the nuclear family becomes particularly important. beyond that the family is an important unit - Essay Example As they grow up, they understand many things that will help them in their future lives. Through this experience with the nuclear and extended family, the child learns basic responsibility, discipline, sharing things among others and more important good morals in life. They learn that in life, it is not always possible to have what they need and challenges will always arise. How to deal with them is what they get shaped up while they still stay with their families. Environment which a person is brought up also has a significant influence in shaping their lives. People in different places have unique way of doing things. Language, religion, food taken and living conditions all vary based on environment which one is brought up in. rules and regulation in the land are not the same throughout, and all these defines the character of the child. What one engages with like daily routine also forms part of the behavior of an individual. It is perceived that when a person does the same thing frequently, he/she develops perfection in it and will always be good at it. This helps in shaping the social life of that child. In conclusion, development of a child is determined by various factors. It is important to get a good mix of comportments which give good life to the child in future. Bringing up the teenager in a good environment will shape their lives in a positive way. Cultural practices also are good to be maintained and children should be taught on their values and importance. It is clear that the family plays a larger percentage in determining how the child will behave in

Communication Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication Research - Assignment Example The authors, through extensive literature review, have supported the capability of blogs as the new channel of reporting news without the added pressure or constraints of censorship or advertising which often tend to limit / restrict the scope of conventional news media. With this argument the authors have claimed that blogs are relatively better and more reliable source of news since they have the ability and the resources to offer deep and unbiased perspective and analysis of any given situation through modern corporate and mainstream outlets. In order to substantiate their claims the authors have used critical discourse analysis and content analysis whereby a total of 344 posts, 1712 hyperlinks and 10,401 comments from diverse types of blogs including those featuring political and current events over a period of one week. Constructs used: The key constructs used in the study include - blogs as an extension of 1960s ‘new journalism’; the capability of blogs to offer un biased news without the constraints of censorship and the pressures of advertisers; and the manner in which current event blogs interconnect with mainstream and alternative media. The key hypotheses tested include: H1: Political news blogs will link to alternative news sources more than to mainstream news sources H2: Political news blogs will link to opposite-minded current event blogs more than they link to like-minded blogs H3: Political news blogs will link to unofficial sources, such as personal websites and blogs, mainstream and alternative news blogs and alternative news sources more than to official sources, such as government websites and mainstream outlets Operational definitions: Mainstream news sources – are described to include conventional forms of media which are formulaic, reductive, and created with an intention to maximize viewership through pack-journalism. Alternative news sources – are described as any new media produced by non-commercial sources an d created / operated with the purpose of challenging and critiquing the existing power structures Official news sources – are described in this study, to include government websites and mainstream outlets Unofficial news sources – are described in this study to include personal websites and blogs Research Method: The key objective of this study was to substantiate the key hypotheses listed in the study and establish the superiority, legitimacy and credibility of new emerging forms of blogging especially current event and political news blogging over the mainstream journalism. For this purpose the method chosen by the researchers was critical discourse and content analysis whereby a total of 344 posts, 1,712 hyperlinks and 10,401 comments from four political/current events blogs within a seven-day period were analysed. The blogs used for this study were chosen through Tailrank - a meme tracker that uses advanced algorithm to rank blogs, and suggests recommendations base d on a range of factors. Considering the type of this research, the research tool used for selecting blogs via the news tracking device such as Tailrank is apt. Research has supported the credibility of such