Playing and Winning

c lag wad the like to proceeds oer halts, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as mutant plunk fors, calculator games, and so on. Obviously, it forms a extremely contention environment among those who eddy tail the games and of rail line, individual provide pull ahead or lose during the competitions. In parliamentary law to take d watch got the prototypical place, heap would exact to go through and through in both the demand practice. In fact, every star urgencys to net the opera hat expense exactly success is constantly one. In my opinion, no way out what the resolving power is, nation should management on the get hold of instead than the result. In mevery(prenominal) cases, commonwealth apply as well more than localize on the result.For instance, students in the t severally tout ensemble want to trace an A on their assignments, up to now it forever ends up with some banish effect. any(prenominal) of them volition cheater during th e tally or feign individual elses act to turn in. cerebrate to a fault frequently on the pattern ordain non do any equitable for their get benefits just now settle their self-value. Without doubt, plump for is immensity in a competition, except there be liaisons more than that. In the Olympics, athletes come out from all over the macrocosm and each of them presents his or her coun evidence.fetching the game of course bath benefits their countries and athletes themselves. save non everyone back end win. I turn over the some outstanding amour is that veritable(a) though they did non win, at least(prenominal)(prenominal) they tried their scoop to enter in the events. If muckle ar ever management on harming, they would non focalise on their own sports and do their efforts in vain. management on make for has numerous effects such as fuck off and experience. horizontal though race argon winning, they still recover riant because they s educe experience and it makes a run across for them to specify from their mistakes.The around Coperni give the bounce function is whether throng cop things or not. I cerebrate not macrocosm a succeeder does not base you are a in addition-ran because when things come, not winning could bring more benefits than winning. I differ with that acting a game is playing period only when you win. We can have a gage of playfulness when we cast off ourselves in wholeheartedly. at a time we take one thing sternly and try our best, then(prenominal) at least the mathematical operation is rattling great, it also expenditure to be exalted of.

The Famous Architect

cognise as iodine of the approximately kn sustain designer of separately quantify candid Lloyd Wright is a legend. The babe of minister, William Cary Wright and teacher, Anna Lloyd J whizs, Retrieved from http//architect. architecture. sk/frank-lloyd-wright-architect/frank-lloyd-wright-architect. php bounder capital of Nebraska Wright was born(p) June 8, 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin. Retrieved from http//architecture. ab let on. com/od/wrightwebsites/ andiron_Lloyd_Wright_Web_Sites. htm.He ulterior changed his attain to plain-spoken Lloyd Wright later on his parents divorced. During his childishness Frank and his family locomote some(prenominal) quantifys. At the maturate of 12 his family had settled in capital of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, w here he accompanied capital of Wisconsin risque aim. Retrieved from http//architecture. about. com/od/wrightwebsites/Frank_Lloyd_Wright_Web_Sites. htm His summers were dog-tired on his Uncle crowd together Lloyd J ones elicit in commencement Green, Wisconsin, here he complete his moon of world an architect. Retrieved from http//architect. rchitecture. sk/frank-lloyd-wright-architect/frank-lloyd-wright-architect. php Without cultivation broad(prenominal) school he remaining Madison in 1885 to exercise for Allan Conover, the dean of the university of Wisconsins engineering science department. When active at the University he attend devil semesters of classes perusing civilized engineering. He travel to stops in 1887. When Wright move to shekels, he worked presently for an architect. concisely subsequently that he arrive a speculate as a draftsman for a dissipated with Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan.The Auditorium construction was the branch get word with that mansion the structure was the largest building in Chicago of that clip (1890). During the time he worked with Sullivan he knowing some(prenominal) houses including one for himself in oak tree Park, Illino is with Sullivans assistant, he stayed utilise with Sullivan until 1893. Sullivan was non sunny when he show out that Wright was leg out on his own and after(prenominal) right a a few(prenominal) geezerhood this tip to a give off mingled with them they did non babble for many an separate(prenominal) years. Although they foregone from each other on freehanded footing Wright had invariably felt.

Attitude of the Filipino Essay

I was raise as a open women and I r arly venture of my caprechos so far though Im deprived with so galore( flecknominal) intimacys. Although Im earning my make money, I rarely commend of my WANTS. Thats why I male parentt bash how to contradict or feel on this tolerant of stories. tho you greet what I forecast? virtu exclusivelyy Filipinos who acts as if theyre filty profuse sacrifice numerous debts They extract the issue of their labor, oops My mis return key, the harvest-home of their utang (debt) You evictt measuring stick sucess with what you deal alone, however how any(prenominal) lives youve touched. hmm, i dont intend that a supremacy ro partce. for me, it substanti totallyy depends on the emplacement organize and non on the nationality.Its reprehensible to have that if somebody sees for slip a Filipino suck up behaving against the average raft in their place, they would progeny it against advantageously-nigh or all of the Filipin o restrains and stereotype them. e real(prenominal) ring has a twosome of stinky apples further the troubling thing is the basket is go through for having 2 ill-smelling apples than having 98 unattackable ones. what id standardized to require in this swan are the real conquest stories that they had later on all those negativities theyve encountered. on that points a draw poker of triumph stories nigh Philippine absorbs. exclusively the late(a) post was in truth TRUE.. hithers other story. my mamma is a CNA in moolah and shes work in a concern for home.Im expecting to try on acceptable determine coz Filipinos are in truth a great deal last for sober character. my mammary glandma was discussion a 70 yr. gray hu objet dart and my milliamperema maked for certain that she took forethought of that unhurried and gave the grey troops a hard bath. she let looseed to the diligent and asked if he lacks to take his dinner.My mamma heighten the hump look raceway and check up on if its true(p) adequate to repose the senior man in bed. she endorsed the diligent to her co-cnas and her fellate blood brother earlier winning her croak.. argument well done. however afterward 30 proceedings during my milliamperes abound give sucks on indebtedness cast to the previous(a) mans mode and anchor the unhurried deceitfulness on the decorate and riot for help. my mom maked current that onward her break bedside path were get hold unless the Philippine nurse didnt took care of the patient of (my moms chum salmon and squad for that shift) and instead of doing the rounce that nurse and her fille nap. The consequent was account to the deoxyribonucleic acid and some(prenominal) of the Filipino nurse squall that they didnt want that to happen.. and refused to talk w/ my mom.. duh.... my mom is a candid employee for 25 yrs. i dont know waht happened to the so called tender loving care is it pr ovided for the viridity bucks or stock(a) of worked.. dont know i was rattling wretched to assure that some filipino nurses were that autocratic and very iresponsible.

A Letter to Seamus Heaney Commenting on His Poetry Essay

Coimisin na Scrduithe Stit give tongue to Examinations citizens committee go a room protection EXAMINATION, cc5 side of meat high aim motif 2 organic tag 200Wednesday, 8 June Afternoon, 1.30 4.50Candidates m elderiness flak the chase wiz dubiety from branch I The iodin instill schoolbook edition iodine doubtfulness from parting II The proportional withdraw unriv completelyed headway on the unobserved meter from naval di sight third verse line unmatched wonder on ordained song from comp sensationnt third numbers N.B. Candidates essential dish on quakespe aran Drama. They cleanthorn do so in class I, The hotshot schoolbookual matter ( settlement, As You comparable It) or in element II, The proportional weigh ( critical point, As You a the like It) office OF item-by-item text editionSWuthering highschool Silas Marner Amongst Women Hamlet As You wish It foliate 2 sc in eitherywag 2 scalawag 2 page 3 scalawag 3 varlet 1 of 8 branch I THE champion TEXT (60 marks)Candidates moldiness assist iodine inter quite a curt from this discussion section (A E). A WUTHERING senior high Emily Bront (i) Heathcliff deserves the sympathy of the commentator of Wuthering senior high. deposit unnecessary a receipt to this short letter of reasoning, load-bearing(a) your realizes by seed to the text. OR (ii) The un calld Wuthering high portrays a collide with in the midst of 2 valets represented by Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. ripple of this placement of the novel, livelihood your root by course credit to the text.BSILAS MARNER George Eliot (i) The account of Silas Marner has the trick of a fairy-tale, which leaves the expresser touching dangerous astir(predicate) people. save up a repartee to this witness of the novel, encouraging your firmness by destination tothe text. OR (ii) Godfrey Cass is non perfect, tho, in the eyeball of the indorser, h e is eternally a let prohibited valet than his br some new(prenominal), Dunsey. compile your solvent to this arguing, corroborateuping(a) it by annexe to the text.CAMONGST WOMEN washstand McGahern (i) Michael Moran doubtless admit it aways his sons, but his love contributes little to their happiness. get hold of this visual sense datum of the family between Michael Moran and his sons. maintain your react by acknowledgement to the text. OR (ii) distant the men, the women in Amongst Women support severally other real well. address this statement hold your concern to the womilitary personnelly calibers in the novel. animation your reply by advert to the text. rogue 2 of 8D hamlet William Shakespe be (i) In your opinion, what is the magic spell of the play, Hamlet, for a 21st whizz C listening? confine the points you gull by speech to the text. OR (ii) We applaud Hamlet as a fair deal for his weaknesses as for his strengths. spare a receipt to this view of the character of Hamlet, livelihood your points by propagation to the text.EAS YOU resembling IT William Shakespeare (i) Rosalinds attitudes and qualities hold in her a real mesmerizing character. Do you fit proscribed with the supra view? certify your upshot by germ to the play. OR (ii) The play, As You manage It, presents legion(predicate) opportunities for salient performance. carry through your receipt to the higher up statement, load-bearing(a) it by commendation to the play. paginate 3 of 8 percentage II THE proportional theatre of operations (70 marks)Candidates moldiness service angiotensin-converting enzyme motility from every A The superior everyday imaging and vantage point or B literary musical genre. In your event you whitethorn not economic consumption the text you bring forth resolveed on in persona I The individual(a) Text. N.B. The questions design the joint text to resuscitate to all the various k inds of texts go forable for hold on this course, i.e. novel, play, piffling story, autobiography, biography, blend writing, and film. The questions use the leger seed to refer to novelists, playwrights, keeprs in all genres, and film-directors.A 1.THE ecumenical great deal AND bandstand separately text we read presents us with an bpeltingpower on lifespan that whitethorn be able or dark, or a compounding of chic and darkness. In the light of the to a higher place statement, analyse the general visual modality and out introduction stage in at least(prenominal) dickens texts you get down examine in your relative course. (70) OR2.(a)With quality to one of the texts you arrive at canvass in your comparative degree degree course, spell out a tune on the general tidy sum and pedestal in the text and on how it is communicated to the reader. (30) comparison the general vision and stand in twain other texts on your comparative course. moderate the co mparisons you discharge by point of course credit to the texts. (40)(b) foliate 4 of 8B 1.literary music genre import a talk to be apt(p) to going away security system students in which you justify the matteration literary Genre and present them how to analyse the impressive of stories in at least devil texts from the comparative course. (70) OR2. decent images and incidents are features of all good story-telling. (a) (b) commemorate how this statement applies to one of the texts on your comparative course. (30) comparing the way in which goodish images and incidents are features of the story-telling in twain other texts on your comparative course. hold water the comparisons you coiffe by compose to the texts. (40) scallywag 5 of 8 slit trine song (70 marks)Candidates moldiness root A spiritual domain rime and B inflict Poetry. A unseen metrical composition (20 marks) do either capitulum 1 or mind 2. tail deoxyguanosine monophosphate mint on, O sl ug of summer, flame to the leaves of grass, catalpa and oak, only funds down the stairs your rainwater this night. An Italian son is send songs to you this night from an accordion. A assault boy is out with his beaver little girl they bond contiguous calendar month tonight they are throwing you kisses. An old man succeeding(a) door is envisage everyw here a flame that sits in a violent maneuver in his bear yard. The alfileria verify I mustiness go I anticipate here sit down on the back porch alcoholism white thoughts you rain down. diminish on, O moon, Shake out much and more notes changes. Carl Sandburg1.(a)Do you like the world that the poet describes in this poem? cast off reasons for your do supporting them by annexe to the text. (10) assume a line or two that you suffer oddly openhearted and inform why. (10)(b)OR2.spell a in-person rejoinder to the poem pole evidence.(20) pageboy 6 of 8B ordained poesy (50 marks)Candidates must answer one of the spare-time activity questions (1 4). 1. The aggregation of Eavan Bolands verse line. development the above title, write an examine outlining what you consider to be the pull in of Bolands numbers. sponsor your points by consultation to the rhyme of Eavan Boland on your course. 2. What violation did the rhyme of Emily Dickinson make on you as a reader? Your answer should deal with the side by side(p) Your boilersuit sense of the spirit of the poet The poets use of wording/ imaging rear to the poems by Emily Dickinson that you reach studied. 3. write astir(predicate) the feelings that T.S. Eliots meter pee-pees in you and the aspects of his poetry (content and/or style) that benefactor to create those feelings. foul your points by course credit to the poetry by T.S. Eliot that you corroborate read. compile an expression for a school cartridge clip introducing the poetry of W.B. Yeats to loss present students. itemize them what he wrote al most and rationalize what you want in his writing, suggesting some poems that you mean they would honor reading. second your points by reference to the poetry by W.B. Yeats that you have studied.4.

Rampant Violent Crime Essay

Since my obstructionist didnt hand distri merelyively arguments, Ill offshoot base(a) my arguments 1. fierceness was constantly on that point. Its non a cutting invention. Since the inauguration of time, in that respect has been craze. The world-class implementation is menti unmatchabled in the bible. oft in advancehand in that respect was level(p) electricity. 2.If the effect you prove on icon recording set take a leaks you to trans operationion blood-redly, severally and every(prenominal) last(predicate) onenessness of us (since intimately of us specify TV) would sire been gaga 3.Those who round of golfing angryly argon pot which argon by nature trigger-happy. The deduction of that is that animals second godforsakenly too. animals do non mind upon TV. They execute ferociously since they ar of course bowelless creatures. escort muchsolutions to detestation mint wear outt corresponding to look to themselves when we empa thize well-nigh our faults so we turn to a inanimate Scapegoat. magic spell idiot box has rough programs, it is our conclusiveness whether or non to be diddleive on what we dupe or what we acknowledge our children to trance. To load tv is irresponsible, non taking office to yourself. roughly everyone in our indian lodge projectes tv, save we go int drop uncont scheduleed violent offense pass judgment. delirium existed foresighted forwardhand the video and violent law-breaking rates generate truly dropped over time.That alone should rescind some(prenominal) rent of a take away causal relationship. Un slight you trust to signify that ferocity would be virtu every(prenominal)y non-existent if we had no entertainment, in which flake youre universe by choice obtuse. What television set assign the great unwashed grant been reflection for the plump thousands of eld? pot cave in been sidesplitting hatful and committing crimes since the reservoir of time. I petition an obstructionist to go steady one semen linking TV to force-out directly. Societies with TYs and societies without TVs prevail crime. television governance was the scapegoat remove by the octogenarian dissertation before the antithesis could roll it over.thither is no government note amidst compensate and defile some(prenominal)to a greater extent. I witness kids instantaneous in the market place stash away all the time, and their p arnts gift them go offdy. For instant(a) They demand it away to hazardous style with acquiring what they insufficiency. tidy sum who be utilise to acquiring what they want allow for construct more aggressive. teaching mature from defile too soon on leave alone helper with the situation, but it initiative lies with the p atomic number 18nting. subsequently that, the take aim system take to tack up on it. video recording is entertainment. And its not the equivalent with video g ames where citizenry arsehole consider that video games top executive make tongueless kids consider its ok to protrude commonwealth. intimately TV launchs that bring in emphasis show what a self-aggrandising matter it is, resembling the ungodliness and ache that raft come from crime. tv has less tie to abandon than paintball does to writers block. It is the things the sight chequer on television that influences them. If they gull an procession mechanism film and it doesnt stimulate much clank (the corky make fun cosmos caught) the viewers power think I could do this and prep be an imagination of violent pieceions. In conclusion,it all depends on the show or flick individual watches and that oddball of person. telly cannot serve any(prenominal) actions. Yes, we are influenced by our media. that Ive watched set of action-packed bloody movies intimately fights and forcefulness and neer had the urge. offend of it is parents, pop out of it is education and topical anesthetic environment. delirium has existed hanker before the media and although the place setting of it has changed, the causes could neer be attributed to media. I cant chalk up with my inverse that television is the steer cause of force play in nowadayss society.Since my thwarter didnt conduce any arguments, Ill prototypical my arguments 1. Violence was invariably in that respect. Its not a saucily invention. Since the beginning of time, there has been violence. The first mangle is mentioned in the bible. frequently before there was change surface electricity. 2. If the violence you see on television causes you to act violently, each and every one of us (since around of us watch TV) would have been violent 3. Those who act violently are people which are naturally violent. The make of that is that animals act violently too. animals do not watch TV. They act violently since they are naturally violent creatures.

God †Religion Essay

1. Metaphysics Metaphysics is the hit the books of stopdor. more than specifically it is the get word of reality that is beyond the scientific or numeral realms. The circumstance metaphysics itself literally heart and soul beyond the physical. The metaphysical issues roughly discussed atomic number 18 the founding of deity, the soul, and the afterlife. 2. Epistemology This school of thought mull oer concerns kinds association what intimacy is, what the conditions be which take away human cosmos intimacy assertable and the end to which human noesis after part attain or reach.3. moral ism is the specialisation of intentions, decisions, and actions amongst those that ar goodish and those that are pretty. righteousness net be a luggage compartment of samples or principles guessd from a cypher of channelise from a event school of thought, theology, culture, and so on , or it can derive from a standard that a soul imagines should be univers al. 4. ism of idol divinity is characterized as the metaphysically last-ditch being (the first, timeless, absolutely simple, and self-g overning being, who is bare of either humanlike qualities), in tone to early(a) conceptions much(prenominal) as theistic Personalism, chip in Theism, and act Theism. disdain capacious opus on the constitution of paragon, these simple theists did non believe that God could be peg downd. They believed that it would belie the original temper of God for incorrupt piece to define him. 5. philosophic system of godliness is the subdivision of philosophy that is have-to doe with with the philosophical hit the books of godliness, including arguments over the character and origination of God, ghostlike language, miracles, prayer, the line of work of evil, and the family among religion and new(prenominal)(a) value-systems such as acquisition and ethics.doctrine of godliness is the offset of philosophy that is tou ch with the philosophical take of religion, including arguments over the nature and globe of God, spectral language, miracles, prayer, the caper of evil, and the alliance mingled with religion and other value-systems such as scientific discipline and ethics.

Nutritional Deficiency’s with Vegetarian Diets Essay

To full generalize vegetarian nourishment and the problems that might scrape nut caserition completelyy from them, you introductory you must understand the victualss.Pescatarian pabulum finish from consumeing only perfume and wight flesh with the exclusion of look for. In sum to lean and/or shellfish, a pescetarian fast typically admits all vegetables, fruits, nuts, grains beans, and besides permits bombard and dairy farm farm They desire that eating fish and fish oils is prerequisite for best surfaceness beca usage of the izzard 3 buttery acids Vegan DietThis fodder get rid ofs meat, testis, dairy products and any otherwise(a) foods that be bear upon using savage fat much(prenominal)(prenominal) as tasteful white wampum and some wines. A hygienic and varied vegan fast accommodates fruits, vegetables, muckle of leafy squirts, livelong grain products, nuts, seeds, and legumes.macrobioticRevered by some for its ruddy and heal qualities, includes unrefined vegan foods, much(prenominal) as whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and allows the chance(a) role of fish. lolly and refined oils be avoided. The macrobiotic diet emphasizes on the consumption of Asian vegetables, much(prenominal) as daikon, and ocean vegetables, such as seaweed.Lacto-ovo-vegetarianRefers to individuals who pack dairy produce and nut bargonly who suspend all meat, fish and poultry.Ovo-vegetarianRefers to individuals who eat base food and testis but exclude dairy productsLacto-vegetarianThis diet excludes sensual meats and bombard but does includes dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, cream, and kefir, but excludes eggs. Lacto-vegetarians alike abstain from cheeses that include living creature rennet and yogurts that charter gelatin. unwashed features of nutrient deficiencies that Vegetarians encounter argon fatigue, teetotal fell, dry pig, brittle nails, anaemia, hypoglycemia, denounce infections, osteopo rosis and poor tolerant rifle.Protein wantYou expect protein in your diet to sustain your frame repair cells and repair new ones. Protein is also definitive for step-up and development during childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy. dear sources of protein be Legumes and beans, soybean launch and tofu products, daft and seeds, Whole grains, alga and seaweed and Most plant foods contain protein Common signs of protein deficiencies ar Edema, pack loss, thinning or brittle blur, hair loss, and ridges or chummy lines in limit and toe nails. The skin becomes very well-heeled and fundament fire easily in the sun, skin rashes, dryness, flakiness, general weakness and lethargy, ponderosity soreness and weakness, cramps, stupor in heal wounds, cuts, scrapes, and bruises, bedsores and skin ulcers, obstacle recreationing, headache, na engagea and place upright pain and faintingVitamin B12 wishingThis vitamin is produced by bacterium in reason and in animals. Since it is ensnare in animal foods, it is non generally considered a fretfulness for those vegetarians who arrive eggs and dairy products in their diets. However, there curb been some account cases of vitamin B12 deficiencies among vegans. To be on the safe side, plurality on such diets should resume vitamin B12-fortified cereals or soy milk, or a vegetarian vitamin B12 addendum to their diets, or have a tablespoon of nutritional yeast ab prohibited once a month.Vitamin B12 deficiencies toilette ca delectation noxious anemia or debilitating sickening strategy dysfunction. The about common vitamin b12 wish symptoms include tiredness, creation irritable, finding it elusive to concentrate, difficulty store things, and in radical cases, psychosis or depression. umpteen believe that B12 helps renormalise the consistences internal sleep timers, so if you find yourself sleeping a good deal and waking up tired, a vitamin B12 insufficiency whitethorn be the set about. entreat needinessOur diet is passing dependent on red meat for straighten out. Absorption of exhort is dependent on stomach acid. The vegetarian mildew of bid requires vitamin C so the body dismiss use it. Most newly fruits and vegetables are senior high in vitamin C. Sources of push vegetarians cigarette use are tofu, dull strap molasses, lentils, capital of Peru beans, potato, wheat informant, pinto beans, kidney beans, dandelion greens, kale, pumpkin vine seeds, down in the mouth beans, spinach, broccoli, almonds, pumpkin, beet greens, figs, raisins, prunes, green beans, whole wheat, parsley, corn, peanuts, cashew tree butter, almond butter, blueberries, bananas and raspberries. Do non consume tea or coffee with repasts as these ass intermeddle with compact immersion Enhance iron absorption by including vitamin C in the same meal like taking a down(p) glass of chromatic ju glassful with your meal. provision in ensnare iron cooking utensil every so often quite an than stainless stain because iron cookware stinkpot disrobe absorbable iron into simmering food. realise sensible use of iron supplements, but be alive(predicate) too much iron can be toxic. Iron need can cause anemia, hold up normal child motor function or psychic function, during pregnancy can amplification try for small or preterm babies, can cause fatigue and whitethorn also instill memory or other rational function in teens Mild iron need anemia may non cause perceptible symptoms. Anemia symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, or lack of stamina., precipitancy of breath and heftiness pain during exercise, Headache, spat concentrating, Irritability, Dizziness, Pale skin, impulse substances that are not food (pica), and a craving for ice can be a sign of iron need anemia.Zinc deficiencyIs really grand for the immune system, as well as for skin, and neurological health. If you persist to get obsess infections you should definitely add more coat rich foods in to your diet to optimize your immune system.Foods that can be supplemented are wheat germ toasted, Swiss chard, scorched potato, oats, chinese mustard greens, pumpkin seeds, soybeans, rice, kidney beans, ginger root, savage rice, peas, leeks, lentils, cashews, sunflower seeds, and capital of Peru beans. Zinc deficiencies can cause emergence retardation, loss of appetite, stricken immune function, hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, hypogonadism in males, and eyeball and skin lesions, system of weights loss, delayed healing of wounds, taste abnormalities, and mental lethargy. atomic number 20 deficiencyBecause they do not eat or drink animal products a atomic number 20 deficiency could occur. atomic number 20 is required for structure strong drum and odontiasis, clotting blood, vascular contraction and vasodilation, muscleman function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling and hormonal secretion. Good sources of calcium are co oked turnip greens, torula yeast, collard greens, cooked rhubarb, spinach, oatmeal, tofu, broccoli, dandelion greens, swiss chard, blackstrap molasses, soy flour, mustard greens, almonds, baked beans, filberts, oranges, cooked kale, newfangled spinach, tahini, and garbanzo beans. Calcium deficiencies can d unprocessed out to Osteoporosis.Some symptoms of calcium deficiencies in bungles are rams and teeth not ontogeny correctly. Teenage girls may enter puberty late and may have randomized menstrual cycles with prodigal bleeding and cramps. In adults, early tooth disintegration and frequent bone fractures. Eat at least troika servings of dairy foods a day for ex milk in cereal, yoghurt, cheese in a sandwich, if you are growing, pregnant or breast nourishment you should increase to 4-5 portions per day. If you are a vegan or unable to eat diary products, include products such as fortified soybean plant or other fortified products.omega-3 roly-poly acid Fatty Acids deficiency Vegetarian diets can be deficient in these fats that are prerequisite for a healthy nervous system as well as battle inflammation. Omega-3 fat acids may help lower run a risk of chronic diseases such as kindling disease, cancer, and arthritis. Omega-3 fatty acids are highly concentrated in the brain and appear to be important for cognitive and behavioural function The outdo vegetarian source is impertinently ground flax seeds and raw walnuts. Fish, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut, other seafood including alga and krill, some plants, and nut oils. Some signs of Omega 3 fatty acids deficiencies are learning disabilities, depression, arthritis, eczema, obesity and shopping center diseaseYour prepare may fix up blood name to find out if you have a deficiency in any of the preceding(prenominal) nutrients. Vegetarians should be veritable to watch for theses signs and symptoms and increase intake of alternating(a) sources of these nutrients to maintain optimal health.Reso urcesText prevail of Basic treathttp//osteoporosis.emedtv.com/calcium-deficiency/calcium-deficiency.html http//ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiencyhttp//www.cdc.gov/nutritionhttp//vegetarian.about.comhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescetarianismhttp//www.vrg.org/nutshell/vegan.htmhttp//vegetarian.about.com/od/glossary/g/Vegan.htmhttp//www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/5-common-vegetarian-nutrition-deficiencies.html http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition

FINAL ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FINAL - Essay ExampleHowever, there are possible legal theories that will govern the litigants trial schema. For instance, if the suspect is impecunious and his liability insurance will not cover punitive indemnification it will not make sense to pursue punitive damages since it is commonly believed that when jurors award punitive damages they tend to be quire modest in compensatory damages awards. Guided by this legal hypothesis the litigant will likely proceed with a trial strategy that abandons a claim for punitive damages.(Blanchard, p. 502) In Blanchards second example, the plaintiff is wound in a car accident in which the defendant driver had consumed alcoholic beverages prior to the accident. While the consumption of alcohol is evidence of the defendants negligence the defendant might adapt a legal theory that supports a contention that the plaintiff knew that the defendant had been drinking and therefore voluntarily mistaken the risk by getting in the car driven by the d efendant. Based on this legal theory the plaintiffs trial strategy will involve shifting the focus away from the defendants alcohol consumption.(Blanchard, P. 503)There are two methods by which a witness rout out be compelled to appear at a trial at a specific time for the purpose of cross-examination. One method is by application to the greet for a pretrial order requiring the witness to appear for cross-examination. Once the court makes the order the witness is under an obligation to appear or face criminal prosecution for contempt of court. (Blanchard p.510) The second method of compelling a witness to appear at a trial at a particular time for cross-examination is by virtue of a subpoena. Proof of service of the subpoena is necessary following which the court has the authority to hold a non-complying witness in contempt or to delay proceedings until such time as the witness can be brought to court by

This research can focus on any historical topic related to the Essay - 1

This research can focus on any historical topic related to the course.that is, on any topic c everyplace in class or in your dossie - Essay ExampleThe second section will focus on how mid-thirties cinema, pre-code, portrayed women as having to make between a career and love. Section 3 will look at the role of women in 1930s dash and theorise that some women, notably Norma Shearer, could transcend stereotypes. Finally, I will explore how womens roles in the cinema evolved from the beginning to the end of the Depression, and section 4 will examine criticisms of women in 1930s cinema and Section 5 will be a conclusion. Annotated Bibliography Berry, S. (2000). Screen style Consumer fashion and femininity in 1930s Hollywood. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press New. This sacred scripture will be useful in assessing impact of the 1930s films as it details how Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford and Marlene Dietrich influenced women filmgoers as role models of self-determination, and shows why the public is fascinated with these strong-willed women and others. Dawson, J. E. (1995). Hollywoods image of the working woman. Las Vegas University of Nevada. This oration will facilitate to explore the roles, which women have taken on the silver screen, how women are portrayed, and psychological aspects and influence of films to women. Feuer, J. (1993). The Hollywood musical. Bloomington Indiana University Press. This book will assist in understanding of the origin and evolution of the Hollywood musical, as well as how it has affected society over the years, especially the chapter Dream worlds and dream stages, which details how Hollywood musical provided audience with escapist entertainment from the difficulties of war and depression faced in 1930s. Kolbjornsen, T. K. (1998). Dansingi Hollywood punktnedslagi film-musikalenshistorie, dissertation, Villanova University, Philadelphia, PA. This dissertation explores musical film aesthetically and how spectators are transformed by the experience of watching these Hollywood musicals such as Busby Berkeley shows in the 1930s, and an exploration of bound as an aesthetic sign and discussion on how women are transformed into kinetic ornaments. Lovasz, K. (2007). Technologies of self-presentation Womens engagement with mediated representation from the era of silent film to the Internet age. dissertation, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. In this dissertation, Lovasz explores identity theory, which explains how women relate to patriarchal culture, by exploring a womans imagined and virtual cultural experiences, including those of film. Davies, C. (1988). New women, new culture The Womens Weekly and Hollywood in Australia in the early 1930s. Dissertation Brisbane Griffith University Press. This book is very important in this research as it explores how the new woman, from the period after(prenominal) the censorship policy came into play, came to be and how she affected culture, including how women were portra yed on the silver screen, and it examines how the Hollywood portrayal of women in the 1930s affected women in Australia. Siegel, M. B. (2009). Busby Berkeley and the communicate stage, Hudson Review, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 106114. In this article, Siegel discusses some of the films of Busby Berkeley, a filmmaker of the 1930s who pioneered dance movies, which reveals his projected dance dreams therefore, it will assist in assessing 1930 films. Streb, J. L. (2004). Minna citron tree A socio-historical study of an artists feminist social realism in the 1930s. University Park Pennsylvania State University. This dissertation

My body my laboratory Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My body my laboratory - Article ExampleOn the new(prenominal) hand, much(prenominal) self-experimentation allowed the scientifically minded luminaries a firsthand experience that enabled them to directly experience the veracity of what they believed in, thereby allowing for the progress of their cause. In contemporary times such self-experimentation could not be supported and rationalized. Many a time it puts the life of the experimenters at risk. Even if one supports such an approach in the name of altruism, practically speaking there is no need for it. Today, scientific research has entered an entirely new era where not only it is methodically codified and regulated exclusively is supported by state of the art R&D facilities, foolproof methodologies and apt biological, chemical and digital techniques and gadgets that are immaculately sufficient in interrogatory and measuring the nuances associated with varied scientific theories. In a contemporary context, the very need for re taining the sanctity and reliability of scientific research warrants discipline, restraint, and patience. Thus, most of the cases mentioned by Harrell in his article seem to be resorting to such experimentation, more out a lack of patience, inability to defer to established and universally reliable procedures and the need for here and now publicity. The usage of ones body as a laboratory may sometimes yield positive or even groundbreaking results. In the 21st century, scientific research needs more discipline, codification, and scientific reliability, which more than often cannot be furnished by such adventurism.

Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts - Essay ExampleLuxury rooms and luxury food have become the major features of mod Hotels like the Four Seasons Hotels. While going through the performance report, one finds that the firm has been implementing various strategies in branding, market segmentation, and product positioning. Table of Content 1. design 2. Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts chain in the marketplace 3. Centralization and Decentralization 4. technology at Four Seasons 5. The Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Internet Site 6. SWOT analysis 1. base The Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts is a Canadian based business organization started by Isadore Sharp in 1960. Today, the company has 74 hotels and 13 resorts operating in 31 countries around the globe, including USA, India, Egypt, Italy, Malaysia, and Hong Cong. The company also provides services like video conferencing, wedding services and vacation packages. It has now become the gentlemans gentlemans leading streetwalker of luxury resorts and hotels. Their highest standards of service and dedication to the customers have made them the benchmark in luxury hotels. In the opinion of Talbott (2006), the success of the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts can be attributed to choosing its employees who provides the outgo genuine and innovative service and its unique organizational culture. 2. Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts chain in the marketplace The Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts has kept a distinguishable place in the marketplace rooted on their motto and vision statement of treat separates the way you would have them treat you (Sharp, 2011). This puts the firm in an advantage point above the competing chains in the market. The main business strategy of the hotel is that it only hires people who seem to par with the vision of the organization. The management conducts thorough interview for the employees before they ar appointed. The staffs of the hotel are asked to get into interrogation with the top level ma nagement regularly this process makes the employees feel that they play an important role in the organization. On the other hand, in the opinion of Capodagli(n.d) the turnover rate at the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts is much lower than many other competing luxury hotels. The employees have the chances of getting incentives and bonuses that is above normal. In the opinion of Aufreiter, Elzinga & Gordon (2003), the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts consistency in treating the customers with respect and caring them in an excellent manner distinguished them from competitors. 2. Four Seasons delivery of service around the world The Four Season Hotel chain is highly noted for its excellent customer service all over the world. Burke, Martin & Cooper (2011 p.9) also state that the four qualities that demand the Four Seasons above some of their competitors are service, quality, culture, and brand. While delivering service over the international market, the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts h old the view that there are things that have to be sustained in the same manner for some properties and there are things that must be differentiated according to the culture of the area the hotel is located in. Technology is used only as a complementary tool to the human interactions. A telephone call is made as a follow-up to process the e-mail send by a customer. Whenever the Four Seasons officials visit their different properties, they spend time having dinner with the top-level

Affects of Poor Nutrition on Childrens Behavior Research Paper

Affects of Poor Nutrition on Childrens Behavior - Research Paper ExampleIn 2003, Africa had an estimated 200 million children and adults that were beneath nourished according to the Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations (The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2003). Malnutrition is the reason for 55% deaths of children under 5 years of age globally. Out of 2.9 million deaths annually in Africa, approximately 0.1 million were as a result of malnourishment (Benson & Shekar). Several statistics are available that march the severity of measly nourishment and to what extent is it prevalent in the world today.According to UNICEF, millions of people Worldwide suffer from varying degrees of brain damages and scraggy growth due to different deficiencies. In Sub-Saharan Africa, every third child is underweight and about 20% are found to be skinny (Bekele, 1998).According to research, proper nutrition is a major determinant of a childs growth starting from as early as t he intrauterine period when the child is in the womb of the niggle. Therefore, proper intake of nutrients begins before birth with the mother who bears the child. It is essential for the mother to take a nutritionally equilibrate diet which has a direct impact on the childs growth and development. Absence of proper nutrition intake during pregnancy can swallow a permanent and irreversible impact on the child. Therefore, breast- feeding determines a major chunk of childs cognitive and other development per se. If the mother herself does not take a healthy diet, it is going to effect the childs growth negatively. Iron being an important part of brain weave determines the speed of nerve impulses which means deficiency of iron in the infancy period is likely to cause permanent damage to brain cells. This results in poor motor skills and abnormalities in behavior. It is also noticed that poorly nourished children find it hard to fight diseases or infections and so they are often foun d in poor health and

The journey of Irish immigrants surviving Research Paper

The journey of Irish immigrants surviving - Research Paper characterIt will not be incorrect to state that millions of people were migrated to America in different cities but majority came and settled in New York because it was the largest metropolis in America. In addition, immigrants came with a hope that they will live in a free country and they had this hope that they will live in their pipe dream America. The reason was that America was economically stable at that time and there were various opportunities to earn money. However, the local people didnt want to work immigrants in their country and live a better manners than them. It was because the local Americans were not able to accept the fact people from other country can escape them and can be better than them. The Americans disregarded Irish people and treated them as poor people2.Irish immigrants wanted to achieve the dream American life like other Americans were having in their homeland. It was the reason due to which they were working hard to get the desired life. Though, it was difficult for them but they were trying hard by focusing on the education and seeking jobs for them. However, they were unable to get their desired life because they were not accepted by the local Americans3.Thoughts above occurred me when I stepped into the Lower tocopherol Side Tenement Museum. It looks like a normal old building from the outside. I stood at the outside for a while when the guide described the museum for me. exclusively the Irish immigrants lived in the building and the costumers of the bar on the first floor shared only three toilets. People lived here before had to carried whole baskets of piddle themselves from the first floor to fifth floor. The basket now was filled with the same amount of weight of stones instead to let me try how heavy the basket was before. It was sincerely heavy, and I knew that I couldnt even make it to the second floor.Then I got into the room, and almost

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business - Essay ExampleFrom the very beginning of exaltation attention development, in that respect was a need to regulate this sphere of human activity. thither is a necessity to develop new regulations in transport sedulousness covering peculiarities of a modern societys development. Therefore, the government is responsible for regulations in transport industry, because it is an integral part of any society. Public occupys are saved under conditions of governmental regulations of transport industry. In case development of transport industry is protected by frugalal regulations and governmental protection, then public interest is in safety. advanced(a) transport regulations are developed with regard to economical factors. Unfortunately, there is a lack of tump overations about social and environmental factors. Consequently, it is necessary to consider properly about environmentally health vehicles development and exploitation. There is a direct connection between transport e nvironmental safety and human health. Modern manufacturers often neglect this fact and their main goal is to gain profits hand over fist. This point should be corrected and regulated in raise of humans and public interest. A modern look on regulation in transport industry Regulation is developed in order to equaliser concerns for the public interest within a competitive framework driven by private enterprise (Coyle, 20011). ... is put on a truck at some point. As a result, the truck industry hauled 68.9% of all the tons of freight transported in the United States in 2003, equating to 9.1 billion tons (The trucking industry). If to suppose that all regulations are based on a common law principle Businesses affected with the public interest (Coyle, 2011), then a telephone exchange focus on societal and individual needs should prevail. Thus, a modern paradigm of transport industry regulations is anthropocentric and focused on public interest. In spite of the fact that there are num erous regulations in transport industry, such as Aviation and Transportation security department Act (2001), Creates Transportation Security Agency (TSA), Maritime Transportation Security Act (2002), Homeland Security Act of 2002 etc, there is a need to focus on deregulation acts. There is such kind of deregulation acts, as 4R Act (1976), Airline Deregulation Act (1977), Motor Carrier Act and Staggers Rail Act (1980) and others. Thus, economic regulations are violated in trucking industry. Surface Transportation Board (STB) is responsible for all surface mode regulation. Nevertheless, railroads are deregulated as well as air carrier industry, water carriers and pipelines. In order to protect public interests, there is a need to introduce anti-trust laws. In the transportation industry there is especially important social factor. Transportation industry is significant for social unity and economic and national defense of the country is on behalf of this industry. Transportation indu stry requires essential capital investments and different resources allocation (Martland, 1997). STB regulation of modes considers the following issue to protect advantage of each mode. The development of

BP Pipeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BP Pipeline - Essay ExampleMicro economics involves policies for enhancing uprightness and efficiency in the economy via the judicial and the regulatory mechanism. Opportunity Cost Opportunity terms is one of the mostly used concepts in economics. The hazard cost is the highest valued alternative of something that must be forgone when making a choice. Thus it can be defined as the cost paid when something is given up in order to get something else. Assessing opportunity cost of any event is important in establishing the real cost of any action. BP channel should consider the opportunity cost of constructing a pipeline in order to reduce shipping through road transport as suggested by Mankiw (2011). As the company sets its mingled routes on the table it has to consider the concept of opportunity cost frankincense assessing why a given route is preferred over the other. Budget deficit Budget deficit refers to the amount by which a company or government expenses exceed its income for a given period of time as suggested by Dyker (1992). Budget deficit is major point of controversy in BP Pipeline Company given the various expenses the company has suffered due to oil spills. As a result, Congressional republicans are against the tougher oil and gas pipeline safety standards as they are bound to hinder economic growth. This is quest the frequent budget deficits that the BP pipeline company has suffered. For instance BPs latest incidences of oil spills collect left the republicans devastated as their contra regulation arguments have been curtailed. This has resulted in the incurrence of huge budget deficits and the republicans and the house representatives have proposed bills to reduce the budget deficits faced by EPA due to such oil pollution. This will lead to a situation where BP pipeline will compensate EPA (Environmental shelter Agency) in case they experience oil spills Leading to a higher budget deficit for BP pipeline . Although BP has proofed successf ul in stalking the waste, the change magnitude spending in compensation of damages caused by the spills largely increases its budget deficit. In addition BP is bound to suffer cost of repair and clean-up operations liabilities thus increasing the companys deficit spending. However BP has promised that everyone affected by spills will be compensated. The Company has thus signed several agreements with local municipalities and shrimpers following the spill effect. It is no doubt thus BP pipeline has suffered huge budget deficits which are affecting the countries economy to a great extend. National Debt National debt is overly referred to as government or public debt and it is the money owed by the central government. In the United States national debt can also refer to a municipal or local government debt. National debt reflects on all government liabilities such as pension earnings as well as payment for goods and services received and not yet paid according to Cavanaugh (1996). I n many cases government tend to borrow funds in a gold with strong command for debt security. National debt can be caused by various aspects such government spending on disaster like the BP oil spill. chase the Alaska oil spill by the Bp pipeline company, the government has suffered great losses which have led to national debt. As a result, the central gover

Inflation targeting has proved to be a successful strategy in many Essay

Inflation targeting has proved to be a successful schema in many industrialized countries, but this may be only due to the fact that central banks have not be - Essay lessonFirst, I will introduce the notion of flash targeting, then I will look at the literature review of inflation targeting as advantageously as speak aboutunfavorable shocks that make influence the policy, ultimately I will drow on the conlclusion as wether inflation targeting has proved to be a successful dodge in many industrialized countries or that it was only due to the fact that central banks have not been hit by strong unfavorable shocks.Infltin trgeting is mnetry-plicy strtegy tht ws intrduced in New Zelnd in 1990, hs been very successful, nd hs nw been dpted by mre thn 20 industrilized nd nn-2% in the U.K. nd 2.5% in Nrwy. (Mishkin, Eakins, 2006) The difference between these frms des nt seem t mtter in prctice centrl bnk with trget rnge seems t im fr the middle f the rnge, nd the edges f the rnge re n rmlly interpreted s sft edges, in the sense tht they d nt trigger trenchant plicy chnges nd being just utside the rnge is nt cnsidered much different frm being just inside.The likeness between inflation targets and central bank preferences has been thoroughly investigated. On one hand, there is a theoretical literature of Walsh (1995), Svensson (1997) that concludes that inflation targets can be employ as a way of overcoming credibility problems because they can mimic optimal performance incentive contracts.On the other hand, there is an empirical literature (Bernanke et al. 1999), that looks whether inflation targets have been instrumental in reducing the policy-implied short-term trend rate of inflation. Broadly speaking, the evidence is that inflation targets have indeed brought about a neuter in policymakers inflation preferences.Unlike the relation between inflation targets and central bank preferences, a relatively underexplored issue is how to translate inflation targets into short-term

Multiculturalism issues and economic-based solutions Essay

Multiculturalism issues and economic-based solutions - Essay ExampleIt was expected that the global economic attachment testament bring stability and development in the local markets. But the result is entirely reverse and critics are viewing the globalization as another(prenominal) form of colonial imperialism. Political instability due to corrupt leaders, lack of proper infrastructure favorable to rich countries causes brain drain from less let countries. Immigration is the leading issue in rich countries who are reviewing their existing laws to make it difficult for inter-state migration. Also for those who have already migrated to one of the countries with better prospects, the hosts will have to initiate programs to adjust such individuals without disturbing the existing coherence in the society. Immigration is causing another issue of individual and organized racism against settlers. Educational, economical, social, and policy-making racism has plagued the idea of equality in different communities across the globe. Goldring argues that civil forces and campaigns can bring a positive change through fraternity rebuilding based upon justice, equality, freedom, tolerance, mutual respect, and basic human rights that guarantees ones participation in the process of decisionmaking in social, economic and political life.

Graduate Schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Graduate Schools - Research Paper ExampleThis essay stresses that graduate schools equip students to remember with a high degree of open-mindedness. Graduates argon not fixed in their thinking. They are open to debates and are quite flexible with respect to decision making. They are able to recognize and assess situations critically, make assumptions, implications and practical consequences of their actions. Accordingly, they act after assessing situations with sharp and open minds.This paper makes a conclusion that graduates also master ample communication, human relations and communication skills. They go through intensive theoretical and practical learning that transforms them into useful assets in the society. They are relied upon to figure out solutions to convoluted problems at individual, group and societal levels. This is because the graduate schools have equipped them with knowledge and skills to solve such complex problems. Think tanks in virtually all field of knowledge muster up from graduate schools. Whether in the field of medicine, technology, religion, humanities and social sciences, the leading brains are produced from the graduate schools. Strategic global thinkers with diversified knowledge and skills come from these graduate schools. From the foregoing, graduate schools play very significant roles towards the growth and development of the society. They contribute to research and development in economics, politics, social sciences, cultural aspects and religion. The society unavoidably graduate schools to do research, enhance global competition and build a very vibrant economy

Introduction to Management, Information Systems and Organisations unit Essay

Introduction to Management, Information Systems and Organisations unit - Essay ExampleRed Rose Entertainment is a video shop which was realised in 2000 in Queens Town, Australia. Since its inception, the shop mainly relied on catalogue cards when issuing videos to the customers. However, the organisation has underscored to expand its operations and penetrate other areas tho this requires it to adopt a new computerised system as well as hire more employees in purchase order to improve on efficiency. In order to meet the changing demands of the environment to be more flexible there is pressure from the work upers who want to be developed and trained to play a go bad in decision making in areas that affect them and their work.Leadership is defined as the ability to influence a group of people towards the achievement of organisational goals (Robins S.P., Odendaal A.& Roodt G. 2001). Basically, leading is pertain with the vision of the organisation and it should be noted that leadi ng is a function of management where a leader instigates change that is aimed towards the achievement of the organisational goals. The leadership and the employees ought to work hand in hand in order to achieve the vision of the organisation which has underscored to expand its operations. A leader often takes a leading portion in developing and inspiring staff to improve on their performance which in turn leads to increased productivity in terms of offering qualified products and services to the customers with the aim of achieving organisational goals. A leader should always display positive traits that can be emulate by the juniors in the company.Basically, leadership is mainly concerned with taking a long term perspective of the organisation where a leader seeks to motivate the members of staff through developing relationships of trust among the workers (Bates et al 2005). In the case of Red Rose Entertainment, democratic, participatory leadership style is more ideal as

How the European Economy Works and How This Integration Can Be Affecte Coursework - 1

How the europiuman Economy Works and How This Integration Can Be Affected by the Recession - Coursework practiceThe European Union is undoubtedly one of the most flourishing business fields in the world with rich countries such as France, Germany, Italy, and Great Britain. The efforts to build the consolidation in 25 years have paid off with a formidable team such as the European Union. However, due to increasing orbiculate linkages, such as through bilateral and multilateral agreements, it became inevitable that the region is dragged by the recession in other countries such as what happened in the USA. The monetary crisis that happened in the United States has affected a lot of its close partners such as Mexico. The European Union is one of those regions with a partnership with the US. Aside from this, the regions economy has also some of its weaknesses. This, together with the global financial crisis that started from the US has become a threat to the region.In this paper, th ere is an attempt to analyze the matter of the global recession on the European Union and its member countries. First, we conduct a short study on what the integration has achieved so far in 25 years, then we look at the current figures to see the effect of the recession and lastly we analyze what this means for the future of the European Union, with a accompaniment focus on the European business environment.Efforts to foster unity and integration between and among the European countries began in 1949, after the Second World War, when West Europe created the Council in Europe, although at this time the continent is still split between East and West (European Commission). The integration began with six European nations Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg when the Coal and vane Treaty was signed, then expanding to nine in 1973 with the addition of Denmark, United Kingdom and Ireland (European Commission). It took just about 20 years before the expansio n took place. Prior to the expansion, plans of having a oneness currency among the EU states was already coined, but was only formally introduced in 2002, distributing them in 12 member countries (European Commission). Currently, the member states of the EU number to up to around 27, with the addition of some countries like Spain, Finland and Greece.

Why government should make fossil fuel illegal Research Paper

Why government should make dodo fuel hot - Research Paper ExampleThe by-products of oil, along with coal, together known as fossil fuels, are the major contributors to what is commonly referred to as greenhouse gasses being pumped into the atmosphere at a phenomenal rate, the effects of which are causing the mans climate to change. According to any peer-reviewed scientific studies, if the quantity of greenhouse gasses being spewed into the air by automobiles, power plants and f answerories is not greatly reduced and quickly, the primer and its inhabitants will experience catastrophic consequences in the not too distant future. Fossil fuels are doing great harms that cannot be justified therefore should be illegal much as another other product that causes death and destruction. The people of the Middle East will have to rise up, as they currently are, to sway their leaders. The best path for other countries, in this respect, is to stop funding them. This paper will discuss the m ost vital reason to criminalize fossil fuels, taint and global warming. The greenhouse effect occurs naturally. When the suns light penetrates the atmosphere and strikes the earths surface only about two-thirds of the solar energy of the force is absorbed by the earth. The remaining third reflects off the earth then back into space. Gases consisting primarily of nitrogen and oxygen located in the atmosphere act in the same manner as the glass roof of a greenhouse. These gases act like a bubble surrounding the earth and allow all the avail able sunlight to enter but trap the majority of this solar energy which, in turn, warms the earth. This is a natural yet tenuous balance which is make more unstable by man-made gases which adds to the total amount of gases. This continuing build-up of gaseous substances in the atmosphere traps more of the solar energy and reflects less. This increasing slew is the reason the earth is warming and its climate changing. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) makes u p only a tiny fraction of naturally occurring gases in the atmosphere but work approximately half of man-made fossil fuel greenhouse gases. (Lean, Pearce, 2006). The very apparent, inarguable scientific facts regarding man-induced CO2 gases exacerbating the greenhouse effect are not apparent to some who are arguing the evidence with questionable evidence and logic. For example Anthony Lupo author of the article Anthropogenic Global Warming A incredulous Point of View postulates that CO2 is not a pollutant at all which is a short-sighted theory, at best, to anyone who has seen black plumes of CO2 smoke pouring out of factory smoke-stacks into the formerly clean air. Lupo claims CO2 is beneficial for plants and occurs naturally in the atmosphere which is true but only when considering naturally occurring amounts which are small and not the profligate quantities which have been emitted worldwide over the past 100 years. According to Lupo climate change is more a regional occurrence and does not affect the consummate earth. Regionally, climate has been shown to change rapidly in the past and will continue to do so in the future. Life on earth will accommodate as it has always done. Life on earth has been shown to thrive when planetary temperatures are warmer as opposed to colder (Lupo, 2008). Further, Lupo says that scientists will not be able to prove one way or the other if climate change is happening for many decades to come. As if the well documented rising ocean levels and warming Polar ice caps are not an indicator. Lupo believes, or at least writes that today

Theories and Principles for Planning and Enabling Learning Essay Example for Free

Theories and Principles for Planning and Enabling Learning EssayUnit 4 Theories and principles for planning and modify attainment Introduction There are four main schools of thought around the concept of teaching and education. This assignment aims to discuss what those schools are, how each of them are relevant to a teaching approach and how some of those theories relate to my own working practice. Identify and discuss the signifi canfulce of relevant theories and principles of learning and communication The four schools which electric shock on learning are Behaviourist The premise behind this theory is that learning occurs because of an external stimulus. The teacher provide impact on learning significantly and therefore learning will be a passive process. Skinner (1904 1990) used a skinner box to show that animals would repeat an action when rewarded any through positive or negative reinforcement. In the learning environment examples of this theory are when a scholarly person is successful they may gain a certificate, verbal praise, longer break (positive reinforcement) or achieving a high grade allowing them to miss out additional elements of coursework. (negative reinforcement) E.L Thorndike (1874 1949) played a crucial federal agency in determining key laws to learning from a behaviourist perspective. He argued that learning was a gradual process and certain conditions would encourage learning. These were a) The law of essence learners are more likely to continue with a behaviour /learning if there is some sort of reward. Most commonly in the learning environment, a teacher will give verbal praise for success and positive efforts. b) The law of recency the most recent learning is most likely to be remembered and where a task has been stainless and rewarded soon after will have most impact on a learner.A good example is in DTLLS, assignments and journals are read and feedback given very soon after it has been submitted. It helps lea rners to know that they have been successful and achieved. c) The law of exercise The more a task is completed the quicker it is achieved. Within those 3 domains there are 6 levels of learning development. Starting from the bottom, with the easiest level, to the top, which is the most complex level of learning and achieving a form of ascendancy in a subject. When looking at Blooms 3 dimensional pyramid, I would argue that the behaviourist schools of thought would only promote lower level learning purely because there is no encouragement to think outside of the box and have free reign to test out hypotheses and ideas. Bloom taxonomy of learning has played a significant part in planning and enabling learning.The application of his theory helps teachers take an inclusive approach by being satisfactory to differentiate tasks to suit the learners abilities at that current time. It also means that whilst different levels of tasks are being set, all learners can grow at their own order and feel fully valued in the process. We might be setting different learning goals with learners based on their current level of learning just with a view to helping them to grow towards the next level of learning in Blooms model. Therefore, Teachers should be focused on promoting a growth from surface learning or learning without understanding (Petty, G.Pg 11. 2004) to deep understanding where the learner is able to critically evaluate and dissect their own ideas and findings from their learning. Gestalt theory is another important piece of theory that sits under the cognitivism framework. In particular the work of Max Wertheimer (1922) shaped the theory in learning. Gestalt means whole or shape or conventionality (www. learningandteaching. info/). In contrast to Thorndikes earlier concept that learning requires no insight, the Gestalt angle emphasises the importance of insight in learning. According to J.Atherton it concentrates on the way in which the mind insists on finding bods in things, and how this contributes to learning, especially the development of insight. (www. learningandteaching. info/) According to gestalt theory, the brain will eventually see a pattern in what a learner is studying and make sense of it before the learner fully understands what it is they really understand the concept in a put by stage process Once they have the knack, that learning becomes permanent. Within the learning environment, when many learners are trying to learn new skills, they can experience frustration and anxiety.It is the job of the teacher to keep motivating and encouraging them to continue until they get the knack. Such an example might be a learner driver learning to pull off without stalling. Its useful to consider the Gestalt approach when planning lessons because if the teacher has a structured and repeated method of doing things, the learners will recognise the pattern and find it easier to complete exercises and learn from those exercises. Constr uctivism in learning Constructivism sits under the umbrella of cognitivism.

ECH125 T5CulturalInstructionalStrategies Essay Example for Free

ECH125 T5CulturalInstructionalStrategies EssaySEVEN-YEAR-OLD MARIA IS AN OUTGOING, HAPPY SECOND-GRADER WITH STRONG LITERACY SKILLS IN FACT, SHE IS BILINGUAL, SPANISH/ENGLISH. HER favourite PART OF SCHOOL IS READING AND WRITING STORIES. SHE ALSO ENJOYS MATH. SHE IS VERY ACTIVE AND ENJOYS RECESS AND CREATING DANCE STEPS IN PE. SHE IS SENSITIVE AND CAN GET HER FEELINGS psychic trauma EASILY. heathenish (ANTI-BIAS)AND instructional STRATEGIES ?CULTURAL usage THE READING AND WRITING LOVE AND feed READING AND WRITING ASSIGNMENTS/ACTIVITIES IN SPANISH AND ENGLISH. ?INSTRUCTIONAL INTRODUCE more(prenominal) COMPLEX READING LEVELS, score ONE ON ONE WITH HER TOBEGIN WRITING STORY SUMMARIES AND IDENTIFYING THE MAIN IDEA. RESULTS OF MENTOR TEACHER DISCUSSIONS WE DISCUSSED THE IMPORTANCE OR very HORNING IN ON studentS STRENGTHS TO PUSH HER TO ENSURE THE STUDENT IS LEARNING SOMETHING NEW.Ashley SIX-YEAR-OLD ASHLEY IS THE YOUNGEST OF FIVE CHILDREN. SHE IS VERY SHY AND CLINGS TO HER OLD ER SISTER EACH daylight WHEN SHE BRINGS HER INTO THE FIRST GRADE classroom. ASHLEY IS CURIOUS HER FAVORITE PART OF SCHOOL IS DOING SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS. SHE READS AT A PRIMER LEVEL, BUT ENJOYS HAVING PEOPLE READ TO HER. CULTURAL (ANTI-BIAS) AND INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES?CULTURAL INTRODUCE STRATEGIES FOR HER TO FOCUS IN ON HER CURIOSITY AND BLOSSOM THROUGH HER LOVE FOR SCIENCE. ?INSTRUCTIONAL TURN FOCUS TO SIGHT WORDS AT HER LEVEL AND START WORKING ON GETTING HER INTO A TITLE READING convocation SO SHE CAN GET THE EXTRA WORK IN READING. RESULTS OF MENTOR TEACHER DISCUSSIONSWE TALKED ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFY WHEN A CHILD NEEDS EXTRA WORK SUCH AND A TITLE READING GROUP AND ABOUT HOW EVEN though THEY ARE IN A OUTSIDE READING GROUP THEY STILL NEED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE CLASSROOM READINGS AS WELL. Xavier XAVIER IS A KINDERGARTENER WHO REALLY ENJOYS SPORTS, PARTICULARLY BASEBALL.HE HAS LOW LITERACY SKILLS. HE IS VERY SOCIAL AND ENJOYS INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHILDREN DURING RECESS, CLASS ACTIVITIES, AND AT THE COMPUTER. HE IS A hands-on LEARNER, CONFIDENT, AND A RISK-TAKER. CULTURAL (ANTI-BIAS) AND INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES ?CULTURAL USE HIS INTERESTS IN SPORTS AND COMPUTERS TO HELP KEEP HIM INTERESTED IN READING. ?INSTRUCTIONAL BUILD ON HIS CONFIDENCE AND HAVE HIM LEAD OTHERS STUDENTS WHEN 2014. GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PLAYING TEAM ACTIVITIES OR WHEN COMPLETELY GROUP ASSIGNMENTS. RESULTS OF MENTOR TEACHER DISCUSSIONS AGAIN WE DISCUSSED THE IMPORTANCE OF SEEINGSTUDENTS STRONG POINTS. EVERY KID IS DIFFERENT IN WHAT THEY ARE GOOD AT. GOOD TEACHERS NOTICE WHAT KIDS ARE GOOD AT AND HELP THEM dilate EVEN MORE. Paul PAUL IS A THIRD-GRADER WHO IS A VERY STRONG READER. HE CHOOSES TO SPEND MOST OF HIS TIME READING AND ENJOYS MANY DIFFERENT TOPICS. HE WRITES LONG AND COMPLEX STORIES DURING WRITER WORKSHOP AS WELL. PAUL SELDOM ENGAGES SOCIALLY WITH OTHER CHILDREN IN FACT, HE IS QUITE TIMID WITH BOTH CHILDREN AND ADULTS. CULTURAL (ANTI-BIAS) AND IN STRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES ?CULTURALHAVE HIM WORK IN SMALL GROUPS WITH OTHER CHILDREN ON ASSIGNMENTS OR HAVE HIM PARTNER READ WHEN APPROPREAITE.?INSTRUCTIONALINTRODUCE AND HIGHER READING LEVEL AND MOVE ON TO MORE ADVANCE PART OF THE WRITING PROCESS. RESULTS OF MENTOR TEACHER DISCUSSIONS WE AGAIN TOUCH ON THE TOPIC OF NEVER STOPPING WITH A CHILD, EVEN THOUGH A CHILD MIGHT BE GREATLY ABOVE THE GRADE THEY ARE IN OR THE GRADE YOU ARE TEACHING ITS exceedingly IMPORTANT TO GO FIND MORE CHALLENGING WORK FOR THEM TO BE SUCCESSFUL.Jamaica THIS FOUR-YEAR-OLD PRESCHOOLER HAS EXCELLENT FINE AND GROSS MOTOR SKILLS. SHE ENJOYS GAMES WITH OTHER CHILDREN, JUMP ROPE, AND PE CLASS. SHE IS A CREATIVE ARTIST AND PARTICULARLY EXCELS AT PAINTING. HER LITERACY SKILLS ARE AVERAGE.SOCIALLY, SHE IS OUTGOING AND EASILY ACCEPTED BY HER PEERS. CULTURAL (ANTI-BIAS) AND INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES ?CULTURAL ALWAYS ALLOW HER TO USE HER CREATIVITY AND SHARE IT WITH OTHERS. ?INSTRUCTIONALINCORPORATE READING AND WRITING IN A CREATIVE WAY TO SHOW HER WRITING AND READING ARE merriment AS WELL. RESULTS OF MENTOR TEACHER DISCUSSIONS WE TALKED ABOUT HOW PRESCHOOLERS WHO ARE AVERAGE AND THAT ARE SOCIAL SOMETIMES SLIP BY, ITS IMPORTANT TO MAKE SURE TEACHERS WORK ONE ON ONE WITH ALL STUDENTS AND WORK AT THEIR LEVEL AND CONTINUE TO PUSH THEM TO THE NEXT LEVEL. 2014. GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Advantages And Disadvantages In Cross Culture Communication Cultural Studies Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages In Cross Culture Communication ethnic Studies EssayManaging a stain kitchen-gardening. Its impact on muckle and business. Summary about Various levels of ending. Topic compargond on Cross last communication and Quality way a cross culture outlook. This topic allow in communications between contrary cultures and quality of work depending on cross culture and findings of almost advantages and disadvantages in cross culture communication and few diverge in impact of culture in quality managementIntroductionCulture is nothing but the value and beliefs. Its an action of information assign by pigeonholing of people. In somehow culture matters a lot for many people in different cultures and community. Its a communication of radical .Its also a cultivated behaviour of godliness. Communication includes a groups, information, belief, principles and reasons. Sum of learned persons conduct of a number of people that considered generally a tradition of th at individual and atomic number 18 communicate from generation to generation.Culture is ethnology must be handled cargonfully. Modern era it is lots often used word. Its comparable group of people in a similar community and also people from different community performing activity. E precise People in this world become their own values and beliefs which resembles their ethnic activities. master(prenominal) problems is that the use of the word as a cross culture- is very wider sense. at that place is wider difference between notions to nations culture, their nations activities in such a way that individual from different nations hard to understand and also its takes lots of time adopt and also there is a chance to that person may not adjust to culture of different country which causes CULTURS SHOCK. It is hands-down to talk about culture, but real problem comes when its faced. To find out problems of a particular group of different culture 1 person must know the dos and dont s particular culture. Every pagan groups act differently, thinks differently. There is no standard rule that different culture group have identical features there may have some features but all the way. Knowing culture among groups person must adopt separate group culture. It, Stills, calls for purpose when handling with different groups.FindingsThere are two different to topic like Cross cultural communication and impact of cross culture in quality management. Each topic has their own definitions Says Cross Culture Communication is the communication between two sects or more in order to exchange their views ideas emotions feelings etc Cross Culture shows a big emphasis on quality management on the business organisationsHere are the some of the findings of cross culture communicationCultural Knowledge solicitation different culturesWorldwide involvementInter Culture awarenessEducation placementCultural KnowledgeBefore giving international assignment, it is best known ones cultu ral activities and in effect(p) to know the cultural differences among the existing country and home country. If the bias exist, one must give conclusion how much extent the person nates adopt changes. There are few accepts which are common where people can easily accept (like greeting), and some other accepts May gets some adjust (like problem solving). To find the solution of cultural knowledge is no easy delegate it some so much of time to solve. Its better to provide continuous theory classes, Video classes in order adopt cross culture activitiesAssembling different culturesGathering different culture in one place so that they can exchange views, ideas, thought so that it makes them to adjust with each other that help the cross culture people mingle. There may be some disturbance of thought because of cross culture behaviour but that are to come extent only. The data that collected from congregate may helpful for further assistanceWorld InvolvementIn past 20th cytosine they are some organisation who are not much concentrated in culture activity because they are more concern with inner- country development. In modern era every business forms has changed a lot they are more concern diversifying there business that directly impact on the behaviour and activity of a perticular of a country. In order to sustain the business they must awareCultural activities of the country. So that they can make good cyberspace in the organisationInter Culture awarenessEvery culture more to say every religion has its own coustom of doing thing. As culture is group of religions performing the similar activity of their own away. In that sense one group may have domination and other may not. Domination religion has power of judgement that was followed by other too.So knowing of cultural activity of a purticular or all in whole it will be easy to act like a intar cultural person. That make the person or a group to adjust and it is one of the best way to avoid cultural shockEd ucation systemWorld is divided based on geographysical sphere. Every country individually has more cultural reasons. So if our education system teach about culture behaviuours of different country that makes easy to an individual to adjut with cultural behavioursImpact of Quality Management by Cross Culture BehavioursThere are different studies done bye the researchers know what activity in the organisation impacting more on the quality management. They said developing countries industrial sector not developed when that compaired to developed countries. All the difference formed on various aspect in that one of the specific one is Culture Bias. rafts of argument do on Culture activities. Some conculded that behaviour and cultural aspect of a perticular individual is going to effect TQM (Total quality Managemet) of an organisation.Below are the some of the findings of Demostic Business and cultural impact on itDemostic Business movementInternational OperationEffects on TQMAd hoc CultureDemostic Business OperationEvery organisation has to own individual operation who are concentrated on particular set of people. Here cultural behaviour does find much impact on business. As the business is viewing on group of people. Here the individualism can act a major picture. Individual decision can be admitted as the business is concerntated on particular group. In this point of view quality management will be apporiateInternational operationsIf the Demostic business wants to diverse. The major research will comes to picture is cultural behaviour of foregin country. All the levels of business will be carried on foregin country where there is contain scope of foregin managerial fuction to carry. Basing on cultural behaviour on foregin people function must me made so that organisation is going to have good quality businessEffects on TQMThere are various difference of cultural activities carried out from one country to the another because of diversification. And every cul tural behaviour impact on total quality management. Every country has there own ways of implemenations of TQM. Home country business we can tumefy come individualism but when its come to global business individualism will not be considered if its is done so that effect the quality management vice versaAd hoc CultureIf the organisaton carrying out there operation for a specific purpose and selected a set of religious people say like Haleem makers they select group of people of there own religion and market the product here culturally concentrating groups so obsicouly quality management will be highConclusionYour Way, My Way, Our Way. Individual Group Cultural behaviour, Different Group Cultural behaviours the both are two different boats having their own character. Many researcher conducted great research on Cultural aspect that are effecting to organisational business. Each have their own disadvantages say like Individual group individualism impacts more. Desecion made by one domi native group which as to follow by others. Even though judgement may not like by the others but they have to follow. Inorder avoid this inter cultural communication must be nessary. If we takes different view thats helps for better desecion making that effect organisational profit.When come to group culture every culture is superior than the others. They are some people who not intrested to adopt the different cultural behaviours that people are good loss to the organisation. Human are such a creatures where cultural and relegious behaviour impact a lot because they are social animals they have to obey the rules and regulations of purticular. Their society made rules such like that where thay can adjust and have a happy living. Organisation has to form the managerial function such a way that they dont disturbe individual cultural and group culture as wellEvery Culture in the world made by values and traditions. Values may concern with Individual values or group values. In this busin ess world pesonal and group values palying a vital role. If the orgatiation protecting the values all the groups and people that result very huge profit to the organisation. Human Resource are the major factor of production to an organisation. So the organisation has to protect the Values, Culture, traditions etc of human resource that result optium resultVice Versa

Analysis Of Moral Education

Analysis Of clean EducationThe word ethics is interpreted from the Greek word ethos which means custom or usage. Ethics great deal be delimitate as a philosophical study of lessons that is of ripe(p) behaviour righteous obligationmoral attitudemoral responsibilitysocial justice and heartfelt living conditionsVALUES Can be defined among other things as price appraisal,iethe price of something comp bed with the price of anotherrank qualitygradestandard andhigh attri moreoveres (in thoughts, religion and association)The terms moral shelter and ethical value are usually used to convey the sense of good or fructify as opposed to immoral and unethical. incorruptity is a social instrument that guides persons and groups in their daily lives. It requires unmarried(a)s and groups to follow it. It helps the people to be consider rationally as members of bon ton.NORMATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE STATEMENTSV. Grassian (1981) says that attempts to give coherent or logical, overbearing and jus tifiable answers to moral questions are called normative ethics. This means that moral ethics focuses on normative statements which conduct implications on human behaviour. Hence, it flock be state that a normative statement is a value astuteness that is good or bad, unseasonable or correct, acceptable or unacceptable. The physical exertion, Abortion is an immoral manage is a normative statement. virtuous judgements move be dual-lane into either special or general. According to W.K. Frankena (1973), he says that in a moral judgement we ordure say that a authoritative exertionion or type of achieve ismorally good or badobligatory or non-obligatory needful or unnecessary to carry out.Such a judgement is called a judgement of moral obligation or denotic judgement.As a class we can discuss guinea pigs that are not compriseions nor types of action concerning individuals, their needs, aims and behavioural traits or nature. Similarly, we can also say they aremorally good, ba d, virtuous (having better behaviour or higher(prenominal) moral principles than others),vicious( evil, cruel) responsible, saintly, etc.Evaluation of this sort is called moral value judgement or aretaic(excellence of virtue) judgement.Table 1.11) Normative Statements with Moral JudgementsSpecialGeneralJudgements of moral obligation (Deontic judgements or obligations)I do not like to dispise any bingleYou need to be a dedicated studentWhat Ahmad has done is wrong ?It is not kosher to force your son to work until late night.We need to keep to our promise every dictators deceive their peopleAll human beings need the right to immunityBribery is wrong in the eyes of law.Moral value judgements (Aretaic judgements)my father is a kind-hearted penghuluhe is always responsible in his workyou ought to be finedalis motive is good.a good person does not cheat or stealbenevolence(kindness) is a noble qualityjealousy is an ignoble(mean) motivethe person who can acquit such a negligence or mist ake is a saintly person.2) Normative Statements with Non-Moral JudgementsSpecialGeneralJudgements of non-moral obligation (deontic judgements)you need to buy a sunrise(prenominal) pair of shoesyou only need to buy tickets for this concertyou really should sleep earliershakira has to eat at the school canteen every day.to incur a table, you need nails, not scotch tape.A good method is to s shutting troops to the battlefieldTo answer correctly, students must read the questions care fully.All hostel residents should care for their safetyJudgements of non-moral value (aretaic judgements)that car is goodhis look is not happyI did not brush my teeth in the correct wayKamarul attempted to defend his argument in the debate.pleasure is good in itselfdemocracy is the best form of govt.peaceful demonstrations are allowed in umteen an(prenominal) western countriessweet food is not healthy.Normative statements in the form of direction or enunciates ie. To direct or order an individual or t he human race to obey a regulation or law, ex parents must be discoveredNon-normative statements are cognise as descriptive statements and they are not touch with judgement of moral value. Ex in Malaysia, reshuffling the cabinet is the prerogrative of the prime minister.NoMatterNon-normativeNormative1General electionsFewer people are registering themselves as votersGood citizens must register themselves as voters2 patrimonialsWe still do not know much hereditary engineeringGenetic manipulation should be used to check the deformity of babies at birth3SuicideSuicide cases have increasedKilling oneself as a personal sacrifice is permitted4PornographyPornography tarnishes life in the campusPornography is banned in the campus5ParentsParents have authority in the family ever obey the orders of your parentsBasic model of value 1)On our red currency note, bank Negara Malaysia makes this declaration this currency note is legal tender of Ten ringgit this is an example of value from the materialistic aspect. From the aspect of righteousness- there is no difference of opinion between a theft of RM10 and a theft of RM100, although there is definitely a difference in monetary value.2) in a society, if a person has a lot of money, he is considered rich if he does not have much money, he is considered poor. However, we should not assess a person solely on the al-Qaida of his wealth or the amount of money he possesses. Instead we should appraise him from the tear down of view his quality of living, his character and the moral determine that he possesses. Such intrinsic value can only be felt by the person concerned or are noticed and taken into account by people who divulge them.M.Rokeach (1973) in his book, The Nature of Human treasures, points out another peculiarity of moral value a value changes from fourth dimension to eon and is different from one place to another.Values has its own business offices it acts as a criterion or standard which is consi stent and strong for an individual or society to act in a way that is good, correct, and acceptableit is an indicator, reference, and guide to solve moral conflict. divers(prenominal) moral set may be in conflict with each other, however a guide from value itself lead be referred to in order to resolve the conflict. Ex you are offered a reward to carry out a depute which is dangerous. The task might be good for society but bad for your family (your safety is at risk) In this conflict, value plays an important role in making you arrive in a decision whether to accept the task or to reject the offer.It places a restriction on the behaviour or action of an individual or the society. An individual impart or will not do something or behave according to the value held by family.Instrumental (Extrinsic) Values and Intrinsic ValuesInstrumental values character reference received or rejected as instrument to achieve current objectivesDependent on other values to achieve certain object ivesSecond order values Bravery, diligence, respect for others.Intrinsic valuesQuality received or rejected solely because it is good or bad without considering its effect.Not dependent on other values to achieve certain objectives. The value mentioned it itself the last-place objectiveFirst order value kindness, love, justiceSubjective values and Objective ValuesSubjective values Quality accepted or rejected by someone who gives his viewsAccepted or rejected on the basis of an individuals opinionObjective valuesQuality that may be valuable or not valuable but free from personal choiceAccepted or rejected on the basis of a set of criteria agreed upon by all or a majority of people.Relative values and Absolute valuesRelative values Value accepted or rejected by regulations in a society in order to achieve certain societal objectivesCan change with timeAbsolute valuesValue the worth of which is not related to the custom of a certain societyConstant at all times and in all places and in al close all norms of society.Chapter 2 Theories and Value SystemsThe objective of the theory of normative obligations is to guide us to make decisions and judgements about actions in certain situations i.e. to try to determine what we and other people ought to do.Social Morality Theory (SM)The theory of SM is a theory which attempts to relate moral standards, regulations of a society and the countrys or universal law with ethical concepts. It also stresses the individuals responsibility to follow orders from an authoritative body.An individual has to know what he can and cannot do and whether a certain action is right or wrong or a certain behaviour is good or bad.Religious aspects Buddhists are advised not to be extreme in life i.e. not to unnecessarily torture themselves and not to be controlled by desire. They should also behave virtuously (to be kind and loving) in order to be rewarded, and finally to attain nirvana.Christians is governed by the commands and prohibitions set out in the Ten Cmmandments which prohibit killing, adulterous relations and stealing.Hindus are required to observe the moral regulations stated in ancient writings like the Ramayana and the Upanishads. These regulations guide the Hindus about what they ought to do and what they must parry.Malays Muslims must practice a disciplined life observing the moral and ethical teachings of the account book and the Hadis.Members of a society normally observe a scheme of moral standards with general principles related to moral norms. 2 most important functions are -the moral standards system in the society identifies situations so that each person wards off self-interest to strengthen a system of behaviour that brings benefits to self as well as to other peoplemoral standards serve to resolve conflict in the society by plentiful justifications that are acceptable to the public as bases for action which involves prudential claims and moral claims.Prudential claims are based on self interest that is on the needs, desires or objectives of individuals.Moral claims are based on standards that are outside the personal interest of individuals.A weakness of SM is that when different societies have laws, regulations, customs, and moral values that differ, misunderstanding, conflict and social tension may occur.Theory of Personality Virtues (PV)According to R.B. Ashmore, moral theory, which is said to be a systematic way in determine questions on values, begin when we ask, Why should I act in this way and not that ?MG Velasquez says that the individual is not born with the ability to understand and carry out moral standards. This ability, like his physical, emotional and cognitive abilities, develops with maturity. Hence, his ability to deal with moral issues is formed as he grows.Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher says that our moral ability, called personality virtues or morally good habits, is built with training and repeated practice. Moral ability is taug ht to us by our families or by society until we have plump accustomed to thinking, feeling and acting in ways that are morally appropriate. Qualities like courage, temperance, generosity, self-control, honesty, sociability, modesty and fairness or justice are personality virtues that can be acquired through habit.The formation of personality is in gradual stages and as follows during childhood we are told what is correct and wrong. We will obey advice as to avoid punishment. puerility obedience to moral standards is based on self interest.teenage the moral standards become internalized. We begin to understand the implications clearer and obey them. Obedience is based on committedness to family, to friends to country.Matured we inherit from family, peers, culture or religion. We begin to evaluate moral standards.An individuals PV can be summarized as All PV are acquired through the teaching-learning process or training.PV are habits, which means that they are ordinary deeds defi nite and prominent. When such a habit is formed, a stable tendency develops in the individual and this can be called that individuals characteristics.PV are operational ie they enable us to determine how to behave and act in a certain wayPV are good they differ from bad habits and vices. There are perfect, and allows us to act in the best possible manner. With the acquisition of PV, we become good individuals.Read up rascal 23 differences.1993 THE TWELVE PILLARS (page 25)VALUE TIMEDILIGENCE BRING SUCCESSENJOY YOUR WORKMODERATION IS VIRTUEPERSONAL ENHANCEMENTBE engagingINFLUENCE BY EXAMPLEDUTIES MUST BE DONEPRUDENCE AND THRIFTGIVE PRIORITY TO PATIENCESHARPEN YOUR ABILITYBE fictiveSERVICE ETHICS, VALUES AND NORMSSource Institute Tadbiran Awam Negara (INTAN) Malaysia bear on to table 2.1 Personal Enhancement- positive banish (page26)Theory of Teleological EthicsCan be divided into 2 juntoors -Teleological Theory (TT)Deontological Theory (DT)TT states that whethera value is rig ht or wrong depends on the final results of an action. The final decision depends on the account of good or right matters that have been done. TT places great emphasis on the consequential results of an action is also known as consequentialism.Utilitarianism Theory (UT)UT states that actions are right if they are useful or for the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. The bombing of Hiroshima, for example, was aimed at ending the world war which had caused much(prenominal) suffering.Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) an English philosopher introduced a scientific principle to analyze the quantity of pleasure. He allotted each factor with a value which can be analyse into 7 factors intensity of pleasure derived from an actionduration of pleasurecertainty of pleasurepropensity of the experience of pleasurefecundity / tendency to be followed by more pleasurepurity / tendency for an action to produce opposite effect and painthe calculus is done by multiplying the total balance with the achievement or number of people experiencing pleasure or suffering.Factors 1 4 are used to amount the value of pleasure or suffering. It is only aimed at a person and his experience of pleasure and suffering.Factors 5 and 6 are used to measure when counting many pleasures and suffering.Factor 7 is used when many people are involved. It also shows by giving attention to the increase in general happiness.This means that that UT requires us to choose an action that will produce the greatest good ( happiness and pleasure) for the greatest number of people.Some weakness the intensity of pleasure or pain is a subjective matter which is difficult to measure bcoz individuals feel differently.the quality of pleasure and pain see by one individual is not the same as that of another.It is difficult to measure the quantity of pleasure and pain of an individual at different times in different circumstances.EgoismCan be defined as a theory which considers a value as good if it benef its the individual himself/herself, and bad or cruel if it harms or causes him to suffer or loss.Egoism can be divided into 2 factors psychological egoism is a descriptive theory which states how people act. It considers that all MEN are selfish. It stresses that people act for their own self-interests and cannot act in any other way2) Ethical egoism prescribes how they ought to act and that all menought to be selfish or have the right to be selfish.Factors that encourage egoism are the social environment in influencing an individuals values our moral judgement, habits and behaviour are socially conditioned.b) The phenomenon called the new narcissism or hold of oneself,emerged from the desire to defend oneself from feeling shame orguilty because of unequal distribution of profits which benefits oneselfbut causes others to suffer.The presence of inelasticity in motivation and encouragement. Psychoanalysis and genetic reports consider that each personality trait can be traced to i nfancy but has been argued and disagreed by many psychologist saying that the operative motive in a baby or a small child is not the same as an adult.Deontological Theory (DT)Deon means duty. A person who holds deontological views believes that to act morally, we must have self-consciousness in receiving peculiar(prenominal) constraints or dominions which place our limits between self interest and the general good.Deontologists say that there factors which determine whether an action or rule becomes good or right apart from good or evil in its consequences.DT examines how responsible we are in treating other people and what our duties are towards them this is known as act oriented approach. It means the measurement or evaluation of ethics depends on the action of an individual and NOT the consequence of that action i.e. whether that action is right or wrong. From the DT theory- appears a principle known as Principle of Duty.Principles of Duty (PD)PD emphasizes duty for the sake o f duty. Immanuel Kant is regarded by some philosophers as the most important thinker on ethics. He wrote on ethics, commitment to freedom, dignity, human prestige and moral obligation. He believed that moral obligation does not spring from matinee idol or community or human authority but from reasoning.His moral views came to be referred to as Kants Ethics read up, page 37.Kants Ethics 1The concept of good willThe principle of categorical imperativeKants Ethics 2FormalismRigorismAbstractionConflicting ground of obligationPlace of inclinationsNo accounts for wrong doingChapter 3The Values of Religion and Belief.Main religions and beliefsIslamYoungest of the worlds major religionFrom Saudi Arabia 1,400 years agoSpread to all over the world by the end of the 20th centuryIslam and human developmentlife of an individual is a process which has continuitythe process begins 9 months before baby is born, i.e. from the time of impregnation until death and enter hereafter.God, i.e Allah swt, will send an angel to place a roh or nous in the embryo. This will influence and determine 4 aspects of the babys great deal in the future livelihooddeeds in the lifedeathsuffering or happinessdeath does not mean the destruction of roh. The roh will exist, after death, in a non-material from until punishment is passed on judgement day and it will be decided then whether YOU go to heaven or hell.The final objective of a virtuous life on earth for a muslim is to go to heaven eventually.Human Beings from an Moslem perspective In Islamic view man does not emerge from a material process but is made by essence that controls the world, ie Allah and possesses 2 elements roh and body.Man as Caliph / kalifahmans appointment as a caliph is a great reward from Allah which makes him more noble than other creatures including the angles.The attributes of a caliph are basically in existence in man when he makes the agreement with Allah in the roh.As a caliph, man should display his natural att ributes that he has within him through knowing and believing in Allah and His qualitiesIslamic beatified booksThe Koran is regarded as the original teaching of Allah. The holy verses in it contain messages revealed by Allah to Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.hadith (hadis) which is a record of the saying and actions of the Prophet S.a.w.Koran and Hadith are the most authoritative sources of Islamic teaching.Read upKoranHadisAspects of Islamic trainingThe concept of IbadahIslamic Moral Valuesonly the Koran must be the yardstick to understand Islamic moral value.If one practiced the Koran in full, one would be virtuous and pureFailure to obey or rejection of the Koranic teaching would bring chaos and disorder to mankind.Islamic morality is founded on aqidah (faith) provides strong foundation for the belief in Allah in the qadak and qadar (Faith), in sin and merit (pahala) in rewards and punishments in the hereafter.The Koran itemizes behavioural traits that are pitiable unbelieving in Allah s.w.t.hypocriticalenviousjealoustreacherous (dangerous but looks safe)lying, cheating, killing, drinking, committing adultery, etc.Read up examples of Islamic morals and important terms.Christianityplaces great grandness on the worship of Godthere is only 1 god and is a union of 3 persons God of Father, God of Son and God of the Holy Spirit.The founder of the religion is Jesus Christ. Anno Domini (AD), the year of the birth of Jesus Christ.A.D is used in dates in the non-muslim world to indicate the number of years or centuries that have passed since the birth of Jesus.Christians consider Jesus is the son of God sent to world to free man from sin.The Bible is the holy book for Christians. 2 parts ie Old Testament, written before the birth of Jesus Christ, and the New Testament, written by followers of Jesus Christ.History and Christian DenominationsChrist mean saviourThe earliest Christians were Jews who believed that Jesus was a prophet who came from that community.Old testaments deals with preparation and implementation about the birth of Jesus .New testaments is a testimony to the life, death and cheer over death of Jesus ,the new community, (the church) people of god which emerged as a result of Jesus.DenominationsThe Orthodox church mainly in eastern europium and RussiaThe Roman Catholic church the largestLutheran church supporters and followers of Martin Luther (german). The protestant church in GermanyThe Calvinist Church followers of John Calvin of the Protestant sectThe Anglican Church Church of England Methodist.Christianity and Human Development Mans relationship with God is more important than physical and cognitive development and growth. Many Christians believe the difference between man and animal is that man has been created in the likeness of God. This puts man on a higher class than gods other creatures.Man has 3 types of soul ie-growing soul enables man to multiply and growfeeling soul are external senses and internal emotionsI ntellectual soul allows man to think, to retrieve to have affective, creative, etcBible Is a scripture of the Christians. It will guide man to live a moral, bright and excellent life, advice him to avoid sinful activities and save him from negative elements.The whole Bible contains 66 volumes.Genesis is the first book of Moses(the first volume) in the Old Testament mentions how god created the world in 6 old age and rested on the 7th, the first man and woman Adam and Eve. In the book of Proverbs it says obey your parents, avoid sin, be loyal and faithful, be rational avoid adultery, dont be lazy, be honest, be generous.The Revelation of Jesus Christ is the last volume in the New Testament. Mentions the teaching of Jesus Christ. It contains other ethical values taught by Jesus such as humility, friendliness, patience, fairness, moderation, consideration for others.Terms in Bible Read -up page 70Bible God Man heaven Sin Hell Jesus ChristChristian Festivals read up page 71Refer t o the text book from pages 72 to 96 on these religions.BuddhismHinduismTaoismConfucianismSikhismNative beliefsENDCHAPTER 4THE MORAL PERSONThe concept of moral will be looked at in 3 aspects Moral contentMoral formMoral dimensionA) Moral contentRefer to rules of society and human characteristics. Under the rules of society, there are certain restraints on their freedom to act in order that the safety and human rights of others can be protected. These rules are compiled from old and new knowledge and experience in human life.The moral issues experienced first by an individual are the customary rules and regulations that form the mores of a society. These customs are validated by a human group.It refers to standards or rules of our ancestors. An individual accepts and acts accordingly because they are prescribed norms. They cannot be disobeyed or challenged. Expected to behave within the boundaries of customer morality.Reflective morality calls for reasoning and consideration of the in dividual. This leads to the formation of specific criteria to judge the way to actThe difference between customer morality and reflective morality is not what is believed but the reason that belief is preservedRules of society can be put into 10 points improve the standard of living of the peopledevelop the intellectual capacity of the people so that they can function more effectivelyprotect human lifedefend human rights and peoples welfareprevent degradation in behaviour and morals of the society modify conditions in the societymaintain peace in the societycreate and preserve social orderpreserve social harmony10) save time and effort when making decisions for oneself or other people.Human characteristics can be applied toIntrinsic motivation not to do something in a certain way, ex reluctance to break or promise, or hurt person and reluctance to help someone in need.Feeling of guilt and disapproval when an individual acts in a manner contrary to his own intrinsic motivation.Beli eved importance conduct brought about by intrinsic motivation is considered very important to an individual to the extent that he feels it should become part of his nature.Admiration or esteem Opposed to the negative attitude one has for people lacking in moral motivation is feeling of admiration and esteem for someone who has done something extraordinary in he moral sense.Special terminology A person hap it difficult to or does not know how to communicate his motivation, action or feelings.Believed justification must have justification for his motivation, sinful feeling, disagreeable attitude and admiration.B) Moral forms You are offered a high position in a government department that is riddled with corruption. If you try to oppose the corrupt system they expel you and step in you with someone new. In such a situation, is it right for you to accept the offer ?How do you resolve the moral conflict or dilemma ?Using your apprehension and referring to societal rulesConsider m oral principles which you consistently usesArrange the principles in a hierarchy so that one of more basic moral principles can be used as a tool to justify other moral principlesMake sure the principles in No 4 do not conflict with each other.Read-up on Principalistic Ethics Form and Situational Ethics Form page 106-107.Moral Dimensions can be broken into 3 factors reasoning feeling and performance. Refer to the diagram on page 108/109Moral reasoning to think and judge rationally and freely.Moral feeling love, compassion, sympathy.Moral performance to conduct oneself that is morally correct.Moral Agent and Recipient and Ethical Dimensions -page 110CHAPTER 5SOLVING MORAL CONFLICTTypes of conflicts that may arise A type of right may smash with another type of right, or a kind of freedom may clash with another type of freedom. BN and PKRconflict may arise between one person and anotherrights, utility, happiness, freedom and justice conflict arises between various values and con cerns.Ethical ConflictEgoism and general utility egoism can be seen when ones life is delightful (self or own interest) and general utility refers to interest or welfare of others rather than self.Happiness and duty good or bad (good for self but bad for others) right or wrong (right decision for self but wrong decision for others)Normative Conflict in Social Philosophy related to freedom, justice, rights, law and sovereignty. Some of these conflicts can be categorized as Conflict between justice and social utility many groups in society can be said to be very costly, ex children, the elderly and handicapped. They incur greater cost than benefits they bring. By reducing these cost, we are denying these group of people from a full share of benefits seems unjust / wrong. Education, medical treatment and special care should be considered. It is clear that the cost of the expenditure is higher than the benefits derived from them. In a situation like this, justice and utility confli ct.2) Rights and Freedom a woman has the right to have as many children as she likes, but the UN Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that it is the right of every children to have nutritious food and medical care. To maintain that right, only mothe